{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:15:08Z","timestamp":1787840108463,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472421000144_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The schizophrenia polygenic risk score (SCZ-PRS) is an emerging tool in psychiatry.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421000144_sec_a2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the utility of SCZ-PRS in a young, transdiagnostic, clinical cohort.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421000144_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>SCZ-PRSs were calculated for young people who presented to early-intervention youth mental health clinics, including 158 patients of European ancestry, 113 of whom had longitudinal outcome data. We examined associations between SCZ-PRS and diagnosis, clinical stage and functioning at initial assessment, and new-onset psychotic disorder, clinical stage transition and functional course over time in contact with services.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421000144_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Compared with a control group, patients had elevated PRSs for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression, but not for any non-psychiatric phenotype (for example cardiovascular disease). Higher SCZ-PRSs were elevated in participants with psychotic, bipolar, depressive, anxiety and other disorders. At initial assessment, overall SCZ-PRSs were associated with psychotic disorder (odds ratio (OR) per s.d. increase in SCZ-PRS was 1.68, 95% CI 1.08\u20132.59, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.020), but not assignment as clinical stage 2+ (i.e. discrete, persistent or recurrent disorder) (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.64\u20131.26, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.53) or functioning (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic> = 0.03, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.76). Longitudinally, overall SCZ-PRSs were not significantly associated with new-onset psychotic disorder (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.34\u20132.03, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.69), clinical stage transition (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.70\u20131.48, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.92) or persistent functional impairment (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.52\u20131.38, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.50).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421000144_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>In this preliminary study, SCZ-PRSs were associated with psychotic disorder at initial assessment in a young, transdiagnostic, clinical cohort accessing early-intervention services. Larger clinical studies are needed to further evaluate the clinical utility of SCZ-PRSs, especially among individuals with high SCZ-PRS burden.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2021.14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T09:59:05Z","timestamp":1613987945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Schizophrenia polygenic risk scores in youth mental health: preliminary associations with diagnosis, clinical stage and functioning"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3805-2936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob J.","family":"Crouse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne S.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Iorfino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enda M.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali K.","family":"Henders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Hermens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi R.","family":"Wray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian B.","family":"Hickie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20175"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2711","article-title":"Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2012.00366.x"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17121363","article-title":"Schizophrenia polygenic risk score as a predictor of antipsychotic efficacy in first-episode psychosis","volume":"176","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20745","article-title":"Transdiagnostic clinical staging in youth mental health: a first international consensus statement","volume":"19","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.03.006","article-title":"Indicated association between polygenic risk score and treatment-resistance in a naturalistic sample of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"218","author":"Werner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12295","article-title":"Research review: polygenic methods and their application to psychiatric traits","volume":"55","author":"Wray","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref48","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn)","year":"2013"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20144","article-title":"Biomarkers and clinical staging in psychiatry","volume":"13","author":"McGorry","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2019.120","article-title":"Clinical indicators of treatment-resistant psychosis","volume":"216","author":"Legge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003087"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0346","article-title":"Polygenic risk score, parental socioeconomic status, family history of psychiatric disorders, and the risk for schizophrenia: a danish population-based study and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Agerbo","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.020","article-title":"Genomic relationships, novel loci, and pleiotropic mechanisms across eight psychiatric disorders","volume":"179","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"335","author":"Ev","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13040474","article-title":"The dynamics of subthreshold psychopathology: implications for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"170","author":"van Os","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08185","article-title":"Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"460","author":"Purcell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy271","article-title":"Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for height and body mass index in approximately 700000 individuals of European ancestry","volume":"27","author":"Yengo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.5694\/mja14.01696","article-title":"Changes in psychological distress and psychosocial functioning in young people visiting headspace centres for mental health problems","volume":"202","author":"Rickwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.147"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.89"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20514"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000482","article-title":"Transdiagnostic approaches to mental health problems: current status and future directions","volume":"88","author":"Dalgleish","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.003"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref16","article-title":"Could polygenic risk scores be useful in psychiatry?: a review","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.4166","article-title":"Association of polygenic liabilities for major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia with risk for depression in the danish population","volume":"76","author":"Musliner","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e035379","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-035379","article-title":"Youth Mental Health Tracker: protocol to establish a longitudinal cohort and research database for young people attending Australian mental health services","volume":"10","author":"Rohleder","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0090-3","article-title":"Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression","volume":"50","author":"Wray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3922","article-title":"Psychiatric genome-wide association study analyses implicate neuronal, immune and histone pathways","volume":"18","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0124-8","article-title":"Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and measured domains of cognition in individuals with psychosis and controls","volume":"8","author":"Shafee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref28","first-page":"336","article-title":"The relationship between polygenic risk scores and cognition in schizophrenia","volume":"46","author":"Richards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw302","article-title":"Evaluation of polygenic risk scores for breast and ovarian cancer risk prediction in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers","volume":"109","author":"Kuchenbaecker","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)00082-0","article-title":"Cultures for mental health care of young people: an Australian blueprint for reform","volume":"1","author":"McGorry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx007"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0269-7","article-title":"Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"51","author":"Demontis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091532","article-title":"The diagnosis of mental disorders: the problem of reification","volume":"6","author":"Hyman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12020218","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of clinical dimensions of schizophrenia: polygenic effect on disorganized symptoms","volume":"169","author":"Fanous","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.130","article-title":"High loading of polygenic risk in cases with chronic schizophrenia","volume":"21","author":"Meier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2360","article-title":"Clinical stage transitions in persons aged 12 to 25 years presenting to early intervention mental health services with anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders","volume":"76","author":"Iorfino","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30320-5","article-title":"Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies","volume":"18","author":"Nalls","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0379-x","article-title":"Clinical use of current polygenic risk scores may exacerbate health disparities","volume":"51","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2206","article-title":"Identification of a common neurobiological substrate for mental illness","volume":"72","author":"Goodkind","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.9.1148","article-title":"Revising Axis V for DSM-IV: A Review of Measures of Social Functioning","volume":"149","author":"Goldman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0612-5","article-title":"Schizophrenia polygenic risk score and 20-year course of illness in psychotic disorders","volume":"9","author":"Jonas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0326-7"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90585-E"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3049","article-title":"From basic science to clinical application of polygenic risk scores: a primer","volume":"78","author":"Wray","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.12"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01860.x","article-title":"Clinical staging of psychiatric disorders: a heuristic framework for choosing earlier, safer and more effective interventions","volume":"40","author":"McGorry","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12307","article-title":"Polygenic risk score and the psychosis continuum model","volume":"130","author":"Tesli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref13","article-title":"Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain","volume":"360:","author":"Anttila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50383","article-title":"Right care, first time: a highly personalised and measurement-based care model to manage youth mental health","volume":"211","author":"Hickie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0059-2","article-title":"Common schizophrenia alleles are enriched in mutation-intolerant genes and in regions under strong background selection","volume":"50","author":"Pardi\u00f1as","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e030985","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030985","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Brain and Mind Centre Optymise cohort: tracking multidimensional outcomes in young people presenting for mental healthcare","volume":"10","author":"Carpenter","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3643"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13595"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.19030256","article-title":"Reproducible genetic risk loci for anxiety: results from approximately 200,000 participants in the Million Veteran Program","volume":"177","author":"Levey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.18060721","article-title":"Polygenic risk score contribution to psychosis prediction in a target population of persons at clinical high risk","volume":"177","author":"Perkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0726-9","article-title":"Modelling associations between neurocognition and functional course in young people with emerging mental disorders: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"10:","author":"Crouse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0397-8","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder","volume":"51","author":"Stahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"62 Ni, G, Zeng J, Revez JA, Wang Y, Ge T, Restuadi R, et al . A comprehensive evaluation of polygenic score methods across cohorts in psychiatric disorders. medRxiv [Preprint] 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.09.10.20192310v1.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.09.10.20192310"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07239","article-title":"Rare chromosomal deletions and duplications increase risk of schizophrenia","volume":"455","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09534","article-title":"A map of human genome variation from population-scale sequencing","volume":"467","author":"Abecasis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5086","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12653-0","article-title":"Improved polygenic prediction by Bayesian multiple regression on summary statistics","volume":"10","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref30","first-page":"11","article-title":"Polygenic signal for symptom dimensions and cognitive performance in patients with chronic schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Xavier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0210877","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210877","article-title":"Exploring associations between early substance use and longitudinal socio-occupational functioning in young people engaged in a mental health service","volume":"14","author":"Crouse","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref63","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2010"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref60","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of gastrointestinal disorders reinforces the link between the digestive tract and the nervous system","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioRxiv"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2019.18091085","article-title":"Penetrance and pleiotropy of polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia in 106,160 patients across four health care systems","volume":"176","author":"Zheutlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.19111195","article-title":"Polygenic risk and progression to bipolar or psychotic disorders among individuals diagnosed with unipolar depression in early life","volume":"177","author":"Musliner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(00)80018-8","article-title":"The waxing and waning of mental disorders: evaluating the stability of syndromes of mental disorders in the population","volume":"41","author":"Wittchen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.08.008","article-title":"Schizophrenia polygenic risk scores, urbanicity and treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"212","author":"Gasse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"S2056472421000144_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04951-w"}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056472421000144","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T10:00:06Z","timestamp":1613988006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056472421000144\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056472421000144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2021.14","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e58"}}