{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T10:20:32Z","timestamp":1769595632387,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472421000260_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions are expected to affect the mental health of the population, especially people with intellectual disability and\/or autism spectrum disorder, because of a variety of biological and psychosocial reasons.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421000260_sec_a2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>This study aimed to estimate if COVID-19 restrictions are associated with a change in number of total consultations carried out by psychiatrists and prescription of psychotropic medication in people with intellectual disability and\/or autism spectrum disorder, within a community intellectual disability service.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421000260_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A quantitative observational study was conducted, involving retrospective and prospective data collection before and during lockdown. Data was collected on a spreadsheet and emailed to all psychiatrists working within the Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust-wide community intellectual disability service. Variables included total consultations, medication interventions, types of medications used, multidisciplinary team input and clinical reasons for medication interventions. Data was analysed separately for child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and adult intellectual disability teams, and for the whole service.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421000260_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>During the lockdown period, total consultations in the community intellectual disability service increased by 19 per week and medication interventions increased by two per week. Multidisciplinary team input increased in CAMHS from 0.17 to 0.71 per week and in adult intellectual disability from 5.7 to 6.5 per week. Hypnotics and benzodiazepines were the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medications during the lockdown period.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421000260_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>COVID-19-related lockdown resulted in an increase in medication interventions, total consultations and involvement of multidisciplinary teams to manage mental health and behavioural issues in people with intellectual disability and\/or autism spectrum disorder.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2021.26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T05:46:56Z","timestamp":1616132816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["COVID-19-related prescribing challenge in intellectual disability"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6821-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bushra","family":"Rauf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hafsa","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Majid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8432-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashok","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rani","family":"Pathania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19315864.2011.651682"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref11","first-page":"CD000377","article-title":"Antipsychotic medication for challenging behaviour in people with learning disability","volume":"3","author":"Brylewski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref2","volume-title":"People with Learning Disabilities in England 2011: Services and Support","author":"Emerson"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref3","volume-title":"Valuing People: A New Strategy for Learning Disability for the 21st Century","year":"2001"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.022483"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref1","volume-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10)","year":"2008"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref14","volume-title":"Urgent Action Pledged on Over-Medication of People with Learning Disabilities","year":"2015"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref7","volume-title":"People with Learning Disabilities in England 2015: Main Report","year":"2016"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3148.1999.tb00049.x"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-4222(00)00042-1"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref17","unstructured":"17 UK Government. Staying at Home and Away from Others (Social Distancing). UK Government, 2020 (https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/full-guidance-on-staying-at-home-and-away-from-others)."},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref18","unstructured":"18 UK Government, . Coronavirus (COVID-19): Guidance & Support. 1 July 2020. UK Government, 2020 (https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/guidance\/national-lockdown-stay-at-home)."},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-4222(00)00061-5"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2009.01232.x"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref13","volume-title":"Transforming Care: A National Response to Winterbourne View Hospital: Department of Health Review Final Report","year":"2012"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62026-7"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref15","volume-title":"Stopping Overmedication of People with a Learning Disability, Autism or Both","year":"2016"},{"key":"S2056472421000260_ref16","unstructured":"16 Alexander, R , Devapriam, J , Branford, D , Roy, A , Sheehan, R , Anand, E , Psychotropic Drug Prescribing for People with Intellectual Disability, Mental Health Problems and\/or Behaviours that Challenge: Practice Guidelines (2016). Faculty Report FR\/ID\/09, Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2016 (http:\/\/www.rcpsych.ac.uk\/pdf\/FR_ID_09_for_website.pdf)."}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056472421000260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T05:47:04Z","timestamp":1616132824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056472421000260\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056472421000260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2021.26","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e66"}}