{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:11:09Z","timestamp":1791439869544,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10-000-1002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-000-1002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472422005555_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Mental health was only modestly affected in adults during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic on the group level, but interpersonal variation was large.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472422005555_sec_a2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We aim to investigate potential predictors of the differences in changes in mental health.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472422005555_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Data were aggregated from three Dutch ongoing prospective cohorts with similar methodology for data collection. We included participants with pre-pandemic data gathered during 2006\u20132016, and who completed online questionnaires at least once during lockdown in The Netherlands between 1 April and 15 May 2020. Sociodemographic, clinical (number of mental health disorders and personality factors) and COVID-19-related variables were analysed as predictors of relative changes in four mental health outcomes (depressive symptoms, anxiety and worry symptoms, and loneliness), using multivariate linear regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472422005555_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We included 1517 participants with (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1181) and without (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 336) mental health disorders. Mean age was 56.1 years (s.d. 13.2), and 64.3% were women. Higher neuroticism predicted increases in all four mental health outcomes, especially for worry (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = 0.172, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). Living alone and female gender predicted increases in depressive symptoms and loneliness (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = 0.05\u20130.08), whereas quarantine and strict adherence with COVID-19 restrictions predicted increases in anxiety and worry symptoms (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = 0.07\u20130.11).Teleworking predicted a decrease in anxiety symptoms (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.07) and higher age predicted a decrease in anxiety (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.08) and worry symptoms (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.10).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472422005555_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Our study showed neuroticism as a robust predictor of adverse changes in mental health, and identified additional sociodemographic and COVID-19-related predictors that explain longitudinal variability in mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T09:19:23Z","timestamp":1661851163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Predictors of mental health deterioration from pre- to post-COVID-19 outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0721-7152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaly","family":"Rius Ottenheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Yu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6398-2484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almar A. L.","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederike","family":"J\u00f6rg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merijn","family":"Eikelenboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melany","family":"Horsfall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob A.","family":"Luteijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"van Oppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didi","family":"Rhebergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0760-9866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A.","family":"Schoevers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda W. J. H.","family":"Penninx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik J.","family":"Giltay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112921"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015309"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.10.864","article-title":"The impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on stress resilience and mental health: a critical review across waves","volume":"55","author":"Manchia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30482-X"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30491-0"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231924"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.256"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2021.1958789"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(98)00245-1"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102076"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027506289723"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.040"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093165"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103350"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13219"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.924609"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.026"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(90)90135-6"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.001"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01019-y"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01866-8"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0014.9953"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-524"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref7","volume-title":"Persoonlijkheidsvragenlijsten: NEO-PI-R and NEO-FFI","author":"Hoekstra","year":"1996"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1372"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2020.104038"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.100352"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.028"},{"key":"S2056472422005555_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.034"}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056472422005555","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T09:19:26Z","timestamp":1661851166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056472422005555\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056472422005555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2022.555","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e162"}}