{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:34:54Z","timestamp":1790613294499,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663200000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018719","name":"Ko\u00e7 \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Seed Fund Research Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Seed Fund Research Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018719","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472422005737_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T\u00fcrkiye hosts 4 million refugees and asylum seekers, with Syrians and Afghans being among the largest refugee groups in country. There are limited comparative data on the conflict- and displacement-related experiences of these groups and the relation with mental health status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472422005737_sec_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the mental health status of Syrians and Afghans in T\u00fcrkiye, identify risk factors and explore to what extent differences in mental health conditions are related to potentially traumatic events and post-displacement stressors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472422005737_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two parallel online survey studies were conducted between April and June 2021 among 798 Syrians and 785 Afghans in T\u00fcrkiye. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, traumatic events (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire), post-displacement stressors (Post-Migration Living Difficulties Checklist), symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5, short form).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472422005737_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For Syrian and Afghan participants respectively, estimated prevalence rates were: 41.1% and 50.3% for depression; 39.6% and 41% for anxiety; and 41.6% and 46.5% for PTSD. In both groups, significant predictors were female gender, exposure to potentially traumatic events, and structural and socioeconomic post-displacement stressors. Additional risk factors were older age for Afghans and higher education for Syrians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472422005737_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-reported symptoms of common mental health problems are highly prevalent among Syrian and Afghan refugees and associated with a wide range of risk factors. After controlling for conflict- and displacement-related experiences, Afghans reported higher anxiety symptoms than Syrians, which is likely related to their legal status in T\u00fcrkiye.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T03:15:57Z","timestamp":1663211757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Estimated prevalence rates and risk factors for common mental health problems among Syrian and Afghan refugees in T\u00fcrkiye"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Gulsah","family":"Kurt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3567-8861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Ventevogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ekhtiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Ilkkursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Er\u015fahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuriye","family":"Akbiyik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7093-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ceren","family":"Acarturk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472422005737_ref33","volume-title":"Mplus User's Guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"2017"},{"key":"S2056472422005737_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e299","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdz097","article-title":"The burden of mental disorders and access to mental health and psychosocial support services in Syria and among Syrian refugees in neighboring countries: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Hendrickx","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"S2056472422005737_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.5.575","article-title":"Mental health, social functioning, and disability in postwar Afghanistan","volume":"292","author":"Cardozo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"S2056472422005737_ref3","unstructured":"3 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. UNHCR Turkey Bi-Annual Factsheet February 2022. 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