{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:19:15Z","timestamp":1789532355632,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17\/63\/130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\/63\/130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472423000121_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>People with severe mental illness (SMI) die earlier than the general population, primarily because of physical disorders.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472423000121_sec_a2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We estimated the prevalence of physical health conditions, health risk behaviours, access to healthcare and health risk modification advice in people with SMI in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, and compared results with the general population.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472423000121_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional survey in adults with SMI attending mental hospitals in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Data were collected on non-communicable diseases, their risk factors, health risk behaviours, treatments, health risk modification advice, common mental disorders, health-related quality of life and infectious diseases. We performed a descriptive analysis and compared our findings with the general population in the World Health Organization (WHO) \u2018STEPwise Approach to Surveillance of NCDs\u2019 reports.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472423000121_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We recruited 3989 participants with SMI, of which 11% had diabetes, 23.3% had hypertension or high blood pressure and 46.3% had overweight or obesity. We found that 70.8% of participants with diabetes, high blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia were previously undiagnosed; of those diagnosed, only around half were receiving treatment. A total of 47% of men and 14% of women used tobacco; 45.6% and 89.1% of participants did not meet WHO recommendations for physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake, respectively. Compared with the general population, people with SMI were more likely to have diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and overweight or obesity, and less likely to receive tobacco cessation and weight management advice.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472423000121_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We found significant gaps in detection, prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in people with SMI.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T09:51:08Z","timestamp":1677145868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence of physical health conditions and health risk behaviours in people with severe mental illness in South Asia: multi-country cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9825-8725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo A.","family":"Zavala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asiful","family":"Haidar-Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Prasad-Muliyala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavindu","family":"Appuhamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiza","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rumana","family":"Huque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humaira","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratima","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asad T.","family":"Nizami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukanya","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Shiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1794-2152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najma","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0249-1870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan R.","family":"Boehnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1414"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S91581"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12241"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.248"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(98)00025-7"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref37","first-page":"300","article-title":"The HIV epidemic in Pakistan","volume":"60","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref16","volume-title":"Dietary Intake of Fruit and Vegetables and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases","author":"Bazzano","year":"2005"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref15","unstructured":"15 World Health Organization (WHO). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual: The WHO STEPwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance \/ Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, World Health Organization. WHO, 2005 (https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/43376)."},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref9","volume-title":"Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development","year":"2015"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30941-3"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref18","unstructured":"18 EuroQol Group. EQ-5D-5L User Guide: Basic Information on How to Use the EQ-5D-5L Instrument (Version 2.0) 2013 04\/03\/2015. 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Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS): Bangladesh Factsheet 2009. WHO, 2009 (https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/331143\/ban_gats_fs_2009-eng.pdf)."},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-11-165"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0071-1_3"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref20","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014","year":"2014"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13387"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00260-8"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037869"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000063"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref21","unstructured":"21 World Health Organization (WHO). Iron Deficiency Anemia. Assessment, Prevention, and Control. A Guide for Programme Managers. WHO, 2001 (https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/iron-children-6to23--archived-iron-deficiency-anaemia-assessment-prevention-and-control)."},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022116656132"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa158"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1420"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref25","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity in people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Holt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-221"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20384"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntx204"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.149112"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.06.019"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.03.018"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068219"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2018.24.1.33"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188619"},{"key":"S2056472423000121_ref23","unstructured":"23 National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS) 2017\u201318 . Indian Council of Medical Research and National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, 2020 (https:\/\/www.ncdirindia.org\/nnms\/resources\/Initial_Content.pdf)."}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056472423000121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T09:51:16Z","timestamp":1677145876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056472423000121\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056472423000121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2023.12","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e43"}}