{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:23:14Z","timestamp":1791638594373,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S205647242300501X_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Homeless patients in psychiatric hospitals are a scarcely studied and there is lack of knowledge about factors associated with homelessness and in-patient treatment.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S205647242300501X_sec_a2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To determine the change over time in the number of homeless psychiatric in-patients and to examine factors associated with homelessness.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S205647242300501X_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Retrospective data analysis of 1205 selected electronic patient files on psychiatric in-patient treatment in a university psychiatric hospital in Berlin, Germany. The rate of patients experiencing homelessness over a 13-year period (2008\u20132021) and the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with homelessness are analysed over time.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S205647242300501X_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Our study revealed a 15.1% increase in the rate of homeless psychiatric in-patients over the 13-year period. Of the whole sample, 69.3% people lived in secure private housing, 15.5% were homeless and 15.1% were housed in sociotherapeutic facilities. Homelessness was significantly associated with being male (OR = 1.76 (95% CI 1.12\u20132.76), born outside of Germany (OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.47\u20133.34), lack of out-patient treatment (OR = 5.19, 95% CI 3.35\u20137.63), psychotic disorders (OR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.16\u20135.18), reaction to severe stress (OR = 4.19, 95% CI 1.71\u201310.24), personality disorders (OR = 4.98, 95% CI 1.92\u201312.91), drug dependency (OR = 3.47, 95% CI 1.5\u20138.0) and alcohol dependency (OR = 3.57, 95% CI 1.67\u20137.62).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S205647242300501X_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The psychiatric care system is facing an increasing number of patients in precarious social situations. This should be considered in resource allocation planning in healthcare. Individual solutions for aftercare, along with supported housing, could counteract this trend.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T09:18:55Z","timestamp":1688030335000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Homelessness and associated factors over a 13-year period among psychiatric in-patients in Berlin, Germany: routine data analysis"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8326-3399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Jalilzadeh Masah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meryam","family":"Schouler-Ocak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Gutwinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Gehrenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Deutscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Schindel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Lech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Schreiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref12","unstructured":"12 Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft Wohnungslosenhilfe e.V. [Federal Working Group for Assistance to the Homeless]. Pressemitteilung \u2013 Schaetzung. [Press Release \u2013 Estimation.] BAGW, 2021 (https:\/\/www.bagw.de\/fileadmin\/bagw\/media\/Doc\/PRM\/PRM_2021_12_21_BAGW_Schaetzung.pdf)."},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.22.3.410"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1578898"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref9","first-page":"665","article-title":"The prevalence of mental illness in homeless people in Germany \u2013 a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"114","author":"Schreiter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032576"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S38677"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref32","unstructured":"32 Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft Wohnungslosenhilfe e.V. [Federal Working Group for Assistance to the Homeless]. Pressemitteilung der BAG Wohnungslosenhilfe e.V. \u2013 Wohnungslosenstatistik 2022. [Press Release of the BAG Assistance of the Homeless \u2013 Homeslessness Statistics 2022.] BAGW, 2022 (https:\/\/www.bagw.de\/fileadmin\/bagw\/media\/Doc\/PRM\/PM_2022_09_28_BAG_W_begruesst_Wohnungslosenberichterstattung.pdf)."},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.11.001"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12857"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03786-6"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref31","unstructured":"31 European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion. Measuring Homelessness in Europe. 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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2021 (https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/family\/HC3-1-Homeless-population.pdf)."},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301302"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003750"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref28","unstructured":"28 Statistisches Bundesamt Berlin \u2013 Brandenburg [Federal Statistical Office Berlin \u2013 Brandenburg]. Statistischer Bericht AI5 \u2013 hj2\/20: Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Dezember 2020. [Statistical Report AI5 \u2013 hj2\/20: Inhabitants in the State of Berlin on 31 December 2020.] Statistisches Bundesamt Berlin \u2013 Brandenburg, 2021 (https:\/\/www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de\/publikationen\/stat_berichte\/2021\/sb_a01-05-00_2020h02_be.pdf [cited 30 Jun 2022])."},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref20","first-page":"167","article-title":"Wohnungslose patienten in der psychiatrischen Klinik. [Homeless patients in the psychiatric clinic.]","volume":"24","author":"Wessel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatr Prax"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref29","unstructured":"29 Statistisches Bundesamt Berlin \u2013 Brandenburg [Federal Statistical Office Berlin \u2013 Brandenburg]. Statistischer Bericht A I 5 \u2013 hj 2 \/ 21 Einwohnerregisterstatistik Berlin 31. Dezember 2021. [Statistical Report A I 5 \u2013 hj 2 \/ 21 Population Register Statistics Berlin 31 December 2021.] Statistisches Bundesamt Berlin Brandenburg, 2021 (https:\/\/download.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de\/b59486392f2d43ff\/b5faad3d13a2\/SB_A01-05-00_2021h02_BE.pdf)."},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref13","unstructured":"13 National Alliance to End Homelessness. State of Homelessness: 2022 Edition. National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2022 (https:\/\/endhomelessness.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/StateOfHomelessness_2022.pdf)."},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref11","unstructured":"11 Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft Wohnungslosenhilfe e.V. 2019 [Federal Working Group for Assistance to the Homeless]. Pressemitteilung \u2013 Schaetzung Datasheet. [Press Release - Estimation Datasheet.] BAGW, 2019 (https:\/\/www.bagw.de\/fileadmin\/bagw\/media\/Doc\/PRM\/PRM_2019_11_11_Schaetzung_Datasheet.pdf)."},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2017-2290"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515576972"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993988"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref14","unstructured":"14 FEANTSA. Faced with Rising Living Costs, the Foundation Abb\u00e9 Pierre and FEANTSA Forewarn of a Surge in Rent Arrears across Europe . 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[Emergence, Course and Structure of Homelessness and Strategies to Prevent and Remedy It (Research Report 534).] Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Arbeit und Soziales, 2019."},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559512439350"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00189-4"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref25","article-title":"Making sense of street chaos: an ethnographic exploration of homeless people's health service utilization","volume":"18","author":"O'Carroll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"S205647242300501X_ref48","article-title":"Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen bei Obdachlosen: Ergebnisse der Hamburger Obdachlosenbefragung. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e118"}}