{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T02:22:00Z","timestamp":1789093320720,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472423005616_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The long-term cumulative impact of exposure to childhood adversity is well documented. There is an increasing body of literature examining protective factors following childhood adversity. However, no known reviews have summarised studies examining protective factors for broad psychosocial outcomes following childhood adversity.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472423005616_sec_a2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To summarise the current evidence from longitudinal studies of protective factors for adult psychosocial outcomes following cumulative exposure to childhood adversity.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472423005616_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We conducted a formal systematic review of studies that were longitudinal; were published in a peer-reviewed journal; examined social, environmental or psychological factors that were measured following a cumulative measure of childhood adversity; and resulted in more positive adult psychosocial outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472423005616_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A total of 28 studies from 23 cohorts were included. Because of significant heterogeneity and conceptual differences in the final sample of articles, a meta-analysis was not conducted. The narrative review identified that social support is a protective factor specifically for mental health outcomes following childhood adversity. Findings also suggest that aspects of education are protective factors to adult socioeconomic, mental health and social outcomes following childhood adversity. Personality factors were protective for a variety of outcomes, particularly mental health. The personality factors were too various to summarise into meaningful combined effects. Overall GRADE quality assessments were low and very low, although these scores mostly reflect that all observational studies are low quality by default.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472423005616_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>These findings support strategies that improve connection and access to education following childhood adversity exposure. Further research is needed for the roles of personality and dispositional factors, romantic relationship factors and the combined influences of multiple protective factors.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2023.561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T08:47:35Z","timestamp":1697705255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Protective factors for psychosocial outcomes following cumulative childhood adversity: systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7732-4749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1502-1608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Boden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zara","family":"Mansoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5167-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giles","family":"Newton-Howes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838009358892"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2277"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2021.100402"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104663"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-206329"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105023"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-018-1309-1"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-016-1528-6"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12329"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103501"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.07.020"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941900138X"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref64","first-page":"131","article-title":"School based programs for socio-emotional development of children with or without difficulties: promoting resilience","volume":"5","author":"Stavrou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Educ Res"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4268L"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.119826"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579419001317"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511402985"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-206980"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.04.010"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.015"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref43","article-title":"Adverse childhood circumstances and cognitive function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: lower level or faster decline?","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.83.5.1165"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.649911"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30118-4"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014314"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-023-00558-2"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000120"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-009-9411-2"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2016.1236014"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t02080-000"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579418001633"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941800158X"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15248380221082152"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08789-0"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2018.1524806"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.12.051"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000412"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104645"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref23","unstructured":"23 Veritas Health Innovation. Covidence Systematic Review Software, Version 2.0. Veritas Health Innovation, 2022 (www.covidence.org)."},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2021.105067"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbac007"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091415016669147"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22085"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref25","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1595"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.01.012"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053211037727"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-018-1037-7"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.09.015"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-009-0121-5"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400005964"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.03.016"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20317"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2016.1261899"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/men0000319"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref6","first-page":"245","article-title":"Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study","volume":"14","author":"Felitti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Neurosci"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00230"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmed-2017-110668"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115519"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000050"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref21","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-021-02129-2"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000028"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20607"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-016-0597-9"},{"key":"S2056472423005616_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.08.019"}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056472423005616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T08:47:42Z","timestamp":1697705262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056472423005616\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056472423005616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2023.561","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use and\/or adaptation of the article.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e197"}}