{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:49:03Z","timestamp":1788227343158,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472424000127_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-third to half of people with intellectual disabilities suffer from chronic constipation (defined as two or fewer bowel movements weekly or taking regular laxatives three or more times weekly), a cause of significant morbidity and premature mortality. Research on risk factors associated with constipation is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472424000127_sec_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To enumerate risk factors associated with constipation in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472424000127_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A questionnaire was developed on possible risk factors for constipation. The questionnaire was sent to carers of people with intellectual disabilities on the case-loads of four specialist intellectual disability services in England. Data analysis focused on descriptively summarising responses and comparing those reported with and without constipation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472424000127_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 181 people with intellectual disabilities whose carers returned the questionnaire, 42% reported chronic constipation. Constipation was significantly associated with more severe intellectual disability, dysphagia, cerebral palsy, poor mobility, polypharmacy including antipsychotics and antiseizure medication, and the need for greater toileting support. There were no associations with age or gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472424000127_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with intellectual disabilities may be more vulnerable to chronic constipation if they are more severely intellectually disabled. The associations of constipation with dysphagia, cerebral palsy, poor mobility and the need for greater toileting support suggests people with intellectual disabilities with significant physical disabilities are more at risk. People with the above disabilities need closer monitoring of their bowel health. Reducing medication to the minimum necessary may reduce the risk of constipation and is a modifiable risk factor that it is important to monitor. By screening patients using the constipation questionnaire, individualised bowel care plans could be implemented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2024.12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T01:17:47Z","timestamp":1709255867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Chronic constipation in people with intellectual disabilities in the community: cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9916-343X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Laugharne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indermeet","family":"Sawhney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhathika","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delia","family":"Wainwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Briony","family":"Caffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maire","family":"O'Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Wilcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8432-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashok","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy","family":"Oak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Eustice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Sterritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1183-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1987.tb01355.x"},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10938-3"},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref6","first-page":"64","article-title":"Health problems of people with intellectual disabilities: the impact for general practice","volume":"57","author":"Straetmans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.13101"},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/1745509X.4.3.311"},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11701-6"},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2017.1310829"},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref1","unstructured":"1 Learning Disabilities Mortality Review Team. Learning Disabilities Mortality Review (LeDeR) Programme: Annual Report 2019. University of Bristol Norah Fry Centre for Disability Studies, 2020."},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref2","volume-title":"Confidential Inquiry into Premature Deaths of People with Learning Disabilities (CIPOLD)","author":"Heslop","year":"2013"},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref3","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Definitions, epidemiology, and impact of chronic constipation","volume":"4","author":"Talley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Disord"},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-019-00942-z"},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2001.00300.x"},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp22X720077"},{"key":"S2056472424000127_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12426"}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056472424000127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T22:47:40Z","timestamp":1710802060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056472424000127\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056472424000127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2024.12","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e55"}}