{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:39:13Z","timestamp":1781710753782,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["288083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["288083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["301010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["301010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S205647242400022X_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The role of adolescent loneliness in adult mental health and prescriptions of psychotropic drugs remains underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S205647242400022X_sec_a2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We aim to determine whether (a) experiencing loneliness in adolescence and (b) changes in loneliness from adolescence to adulthood are prospectively associated with prescriptions for a variety of psychotropic drugs in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S205647242400022X_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We used data from a Norwegian population-based sample with 2602 participants, collected across four waves between 1992 and 2006. Loneliness was assessed at each wave, with survey data linked to medicinal drug prescription records from the Norwegian Prescription Database. We identified prescription histories of antipsychotics, mood stabilisers, antidepressants and benzodiazepines from 2007 to 2015, for each participant. We use latent growth curve analyses to model the relationship of adolescent loneliness and loneliness change from adolescence to adulthood, with subsequent psychotropic drugs prescription.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S205647242400022X_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Adolescents with heightened loneliness, and adolescents whose loneliness increased into young adulthood, had a greater likelihood of being prescribed antipsychotics, mood stabilisers and antidepressants in adulthood. These associations remained significant after adjustment for confounders such as sociodemographic characteristics, conduct problems, substance use and mental health problems.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S205647242400022X_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Loneliness in adolescence and its adverse development over a span of 15 years was linked to higher risk of receiving prescriptions for antipsychotics, mood stabilisers and antidepressants later in life. The findings may indicate that loneliness increases the risk for developing psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders and major depression.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2024.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T10:02:14Z","timestamp":1710151334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Loneliness in adolescence and prescription of psychotropic drugs in adulthood: 23-year longitudinal population-based and registry study"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6934-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Cano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karianne","family":"Lotre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilmann","family":"von Soest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eline Borger","family":"Rognli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen Gustav","family":"Bramness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S205647242400022X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048546","article-title":"Patterns of delinquency in Norwegian adolescents","volume":"35","author":"Pedersen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Criminol"},{"key":"S205647242400022X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.3\/bbandelow","article-title":"Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century","volume":"17","author":"Bandelow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"S205647242400022X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7","article-title":"Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies","volume":"27","author":"Solmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"S205647242400022X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352","article-title":"Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review","volume":"10","author":"Holt-Lunstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"S205647242400022X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113514","article-title":"The effect of loneliness on distinct health outcomes: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis","volume":"294","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"S205647242400022X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.39.3.472","article-title":"The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence","volume":"39","author":"Russell","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"S205647242400022X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830190102","article-title":"The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): a self-report symptom inventory","volume":"19","author":"Derogatis","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"key":"S205647242400022X_ref15","unstructured":"15 World Health Organization (WHO). 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e61"}}