{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T03:23:10Z","timestamp":1782444190542,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717372800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472424000474_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>One in 57 children are diagnosed with autism in the UK, and the estimated cost for supporting these children in education is substantial. Social Stories\u2122 is a promising and widely used intervention for supporting children with autism in schools and families. It is believed that Social Stories\u2122 can provide meaningful social information to children that can improve social understanding and may reduce anxiety. However, no economic evaluation of Social Stories has been conducted.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472424000474_sec_a2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To assess the cost-effectiveness of Social Stories through Autism Spectrum Social Stories in Schools Trial 2, a multi-site, pragmatic, cluster-randomised controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472424000474_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Children with autism who were aged 4\u201311 years were recruited and randomised (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 249). Costs measured from the societal perspective and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) measured by the EQ-5D-Y-3L proxy were collected at baseline and at 6-month follow-up for primary analysis. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated, and the uncertainty around incremental cost-effectiveness ratios was captured by non-parametric bootstrapping. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of the primary findings.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472424000474_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Social Stories is likely to result in a small cost savings (\u2013\u00a3191 per child, 95% CI \u2212767.7 to 337.7) and maintain similar QALY improvements compared with usual care. The probability of Social Stories being a preferred option is 75% if society is willing to pay \u00a320 000 per QALY gained. The sensitivity analysis results aligned with the main study outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472424000474_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Compared with usual care, Social Stories did not lead to an increase in costs and maintained similar QALY improvements for primary-aged children with autism.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2024.47","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T07:02:14Z","timestamp":1717398134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cost\u2013utility analysis of Social Stories\u2122 for children with autism spectrum disorder in mainstream primary schools: results from a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3521-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han-I.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2421-5538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlie","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mandefield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Standley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"McMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8236-6983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Gilbody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Parrott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472424000474_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0086-1"},{"key":"S2056472424000474_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/108835769300800101"},{"key":"S2056472424000474_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10883576040190040101"},{"key":"S2056472424000474_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-022-01192-0"},{"key":"S2056472424000474_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199685028.001.0001"},{"key":"S2056472424000474_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.678"},{"key":"S2056472424000474_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-020-00427-z"},{"key":"S2056472424000474_ref33","volume-title":"Overview of the UK Population: January 2021","year":"2021"},{"key":"S2056472424000474_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1034912X.2013.846470"},{"key":"S2056472424000474_ref21","volume-title":"2019\/20 National Cost Collection Data Publication","year":"2020"},{"key":"S2056472424000474_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9648-y"},{"key":"S2056472424000474_ref23","volume-title":"Prescription Cost Analysis - 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e123"}}