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Studies reporting on the prevalence or odds ratio of any STI or any outcome related to sexual risk behaviours among schizophrenia samples were included. PRISMA\/MOOSE-compliant (CRD42023443602) random-effects meta-analyses were used for the selected outcomes. Q-statistics, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> index, sensitivity analyses and meta-regressions were used. Study quality and publication bias were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2056472424000498_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-eight studies (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 2 459 456) reporting on STI prevalence (including 15 allowing for calculation of an odds ratio) and 33 studies (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 4255) reporting on sexual risk behaviours were included. Schizophrenia samples showed a high prevalence of STIs and higher risks of HIV (odds ratio = 2.11; 95% CI 1.23\u20133.63), hepatitis C virus (HCV, odds ratio = 4.54; 95% CI 2.15\u2013961) and hepatitis B virus (HBV; odds ratio = 2.42; 95% CI 1.95\u20133.01) infections than healthy controls. HIV prevalence was higher in Africa compared with other continents and in in-patient (rather than out-patient) settings. Finally, 37.7% (95% CI 31.5\u201344.4%) of patients were sexually active; 35.0% (95% CI 6.6\u201359.3%) reported consistent condom use, and 55.3% (95% CI 25.0\u201382.4%) maintained unprotected sexual relationships.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2056472424000498_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Schizophrenia patients have high prevalence of STIs, with several-fold increased risks of HIV, HBV and HCV infection compared with the general population. Sexual health must be considered as an integral component of care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2024.49","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T06:57:59Z","timestamp":1715324279000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sexually transmitted infections, sexual life and risk behaviours of people living with schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0040-1608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Aymerich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borja","family":"Pedruzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6992-0767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Salazar de Pablo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lander","family":"Madaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Goena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Sanchez-Gistau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Fusar-Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4381-0532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"McGuire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Catalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472424000498_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-020-00298-9"},{"key":"S2056472424000498_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30253-5"},{"key":"S2056472424000498_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.4.542"},{"key":"S2056472424000498_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.03.006"},{"key":"S2056472424000498_ref123","first-page":"64","article-title":"Marriage and gender in schizophrenia","volume":"39","author":"Thara","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472424000498_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"S2056472424000498_ref26","unstructured":"26 Wells, GA , Shea, B , O'Connell, D , Peterson, J , Welch, V , Losos, M , et al. 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