{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:17:46Z","timestamp":1791346666425,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472424007233_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Empathy refers to the cognitive and emotional reactions of an individual to the experiences of another. Women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) report severe social difficulties during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472424007233_sec_a2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>This clinical and functional magnetic resonance imaging study aimed to explore affective and cognitive empathy in women with PMDD, during the highly symptomatic luteal phase.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472424007233_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Overall, 32 women with PMDD and 20 healthy controls participated in the study. The neuroimaging data were collected using a highly empathy-engaging movie. First, we characterised the synchrony of neural responses within PMDD and healthy groups, using the inter-individual correlation approach. Next, using network cohesion analysis, we compared connectivity within and between brain networks associated with affective and cognitive empathy between groups, and assessed the association of these network patterns with empathic measures.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472424007233_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A consistent, although complex, picture of empathy abnormalities was found. Patients with PMDD showed decreased neural synchrony in parietal and frontal key nodes of cognitive empathy processing (theory-of-mind network), but higher neural synchrony in the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex, a part of the salience network, implicated in affective empathy. Positive correlations between cognitive perspective-taking scores and neural synchrony were found within the theory-of-mind network. Interestingly, during highly emotional moments, the PMDD group showed increased functional connectivity within this network.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472424007233_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Similar to major depression, individuals with PMDD show enhanced affective empathy and reduced cognitive empathy. These findings echo clinical observations reported when women with PMDD have a dysregulated emotional response to negative stimuli.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2024.723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T08:59:56Z","timestamp":1722848396000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Empathy-related abnormalities among women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: clinical and functional magnetic resonance imaging 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e138"}}