{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:16:37Z","timestamp":1785424597326,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108533_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with worse clinical prognosis; however, evidence regarding the relationship between depression and hypoglycaemic risk remains limited and inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108533_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study aimed to evaluate the association between depressive symptoms and hypoglycaemic events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108533_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depressive symptoms were assessed in participants of the ACCORD-HRQL study at baseline and during follow-up visits at 12, 36 and 48 months using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Symptom severity was categorised into three levels: none (0\u20134 points), mild (5\u20139 points) or moderate to severe (10\u201324 points). The primary outcomes included hypoglycaemia requiring any assistance (HAA) and hypoglycaemia requiring medical assistance (HMA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108533_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over a median follow-up of 4.3 years, 220 individuals developed HAA (incidence rate: 27.0 per 1000 person-years) and 157 individuals experienced HMA (incidence rate: 18.8 per 1000 person-years). Depressive symptoms exhibited dynamic fluctuations during the study period, and participants with depression consistently demonstrated less effective glycaemic control compared to those without depression. However, each one-unit increase in PHQ-9 score was not associated with elevated risks of HAA (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97\u20131.03) or HMA (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95\u20131.02).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108533_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depressive symptoms in individuals with T2DM are dynamic and correlate with suboptimal glycaemic control. However, no significant association was observed between depression severity and increased hypoglycaemic events. These findings highlight the importance of integrated clinical strategies for continuous mental health monitoring and glucose management in T2DM individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2025.10853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:23:24Z","timestamp":1760343804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Depressive symptoms and hypoglycaemic risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from the ACCORD-HRQL study"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wanying","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital (First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0036-0420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/053v2gh09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472425108533_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0347-4"},{"key":"S2056472425108533_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1181336"},{"key":"S2056472425108533_ref11","unstructured":"11 Lewis, G. DSM-IV. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e241"}}