{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:44:01Z","timestamp":1785415441732,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108612_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Existing research demonstrates that insomnia is common, with significant negative impacts on health and quality of life. Cognitive\u2013behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), the first-line treatment, is highly cost-effective. However, healthcare records have not been used in the UK to establish real-world insomnia prevalence, inequalities or unmet need.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108612_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study\u2019s aim was to establish the above in North Central London.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108612_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were extracted from primary care records across three London boroughs for 765 035 patients. Prevalence was determined by identifying those with a recent code for insomnia, insomnia treatment or sleeping tablet prescription.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108612_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insomnia prevalence was 4.3%. Prevalence increased steadily with age, and was highest for women (4.9%), those of Bangladeshi ethnicity (7.3%) and those in the most deprived quintile (5.2%). Prevalence was significantly higher in patients with comorbidities (including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17.5%), severe mental illness (16.6%) and depression (14.1%)). Only 1.7% of people with insomnia had been referred for CBT-I.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108612_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggested that insomnia is at least as common as illnesses receiving high levels of focus and resourcing in the UK, and that prevalence estimates were probably underestimates. Variation in prevalence by demographic factors and deprivation may represent health inequalities. Insomnia was particularly common among patients with certain comorbidities and of advancing age, indicating that those groups should be actively screened. Concerningly, referral rates for CBT-I were extremely low. This has important implications regarding population health management, commissioning and training. Prevalence and unmet need are likely to be high in many other areas and should be investigated locally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2025.10861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T11:05:16Z","timestamp":1765969516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patterns of insomnia and its treatment in North Central London: using primary care data to establish unmet needs and health inequalities"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9963-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren Z.","family":"Waterman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xm3h672","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"North Central London Integrated Care System"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220mzb33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"King\u2019s College London"},{"name":"North London NHS Foundation Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fleur O. M.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xm3h672","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"North Central London Integrated Care System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uche","family":"Osuagwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Team, Islington Council"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Dougan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00xm3h672","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"North Central London Integrated Care System"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1700"},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004510"},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2012.05.011"},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref29","unstructured":"29 Royal College of Psychiatrists. NHS Talking Therapies, for Anxiety and Depression. Royal College of Psychiatrists, n.d. (https:\/\/www.rcpsych.ac.uk\/improving-care\/nccmh\/service-design-and-development\/iapt [cited 6 Jun 2025])."},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07317115.2012.731478"},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54836-9_9"},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2002.0186"},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref32","unstructured":"32 North Central London Integrated Care Board. Insomnia in Adults Clinical Pathway. North Central London Integrated Care Board, 2025 (https:\/\/gps.northcentrallondon.icb.nhs.uk\/pathways\/insomnia-in-adults [cited 27 Oct 2025])."},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref27","unstructured":"27 University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Insomnia and Behavioural Sleep Medicine Clinic. UCLH, n.d. (https:\/\/www.uclh.nhs.uk\/our-services\/find-service\/integrated-medicine\/insomnia-service [cited 6 Jun 2025])."},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref28","unstructured":"28 Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust. Insomnia Clinic. Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, n.d. (https:\/\/www.royalsurrey.nhs.uk\/insomniaclinic\/ [cited 6 Jun 2025])."},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref35","unstructured":"35 Sleepio. Is Sleepio Suitable for You? Sleepio, n.d. (https:\/\/www.sleepio.com\/suitable\/ [cited 25 Jul 2023])."},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30328-0"},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.201153"},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref7","unstructured":"7 National Institute of Health and Care Excellence. Clinical Knowledge Summaries: Insomnia. NICE, 2025 (https:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/topics\/insomnia\/ [cited 30 Jul 2023])."},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref24","unstructured":"24 Camden Council with Healthwatch Camden. Learning from Camden\u2019s Diverse Bangladeshi Community to Drive and Sustain Improvements in Their Health and Wellbeing. Healthwatch Camden, 2016 (https:\/\/healthwatchcamden.co.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/bangladeshi_health_report_-_final_healthwatch_rtflm.pdf [cited 4 Sep 2023])."},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8598.165953","article-title":"Prevalence of insomnia in urban population of west Bengal: a community based cross sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Roy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Med Public Health"},{"key":"S2056472425108612_ref33","unstructured":"33 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Sleepio to Treat Insomnia and Insomnia Symptoms: Medical Technologies Guidance. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e18"}}