{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:57:44Z","timestamp":1785416264515,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108752_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Off-licence psychotropic use in people with intellectual disability and\/or autism, in the absence of psychiatric illness, is a major public health concern in England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108752_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To ascertain and compare views of psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists working with people with intellectual disability and\/or autism on psychotropic medication optimisation for this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108752_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional survey of 13 questions was disseminated online among psychiatrists and other health professionals working with people with intellectual disability and\/or autism across England, using a non-discriminatory exponential snowballing technique leading to non-probability sampling. The questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, perceived barriers\/benefits of psychotropic optimisation (including ethnicity) and views on implementation of a national medicine optimisation programme. Quantitative analysis used chi-squared, Mann\u2013Whitney and unpaired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests, with significance taken as\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05. Thematic analysis of free-text responses was undertaken with Braun and Clarke\u2019s methodology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108752_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 219 respondents, significant differences in attitudes to most issues emerged between psychiatrists (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 66) and non-psychiatrists (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 149). Psychiatrists had less optimism of a successful national medication optimisation programme if commissioned, or achieving 50% reduction in psychotropic overprescribing and inappropriate psychotropic prescribing generally. Perceived barriers to reducing overmedication differed significantly between the psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists, Thematic analysis identified five themes (system issues, resources, medication challenges, family and carers, and training and alternatives\/structure).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425108752_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to highlight important differences between psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists\u2019 attitudes to psychotropic optimisation despite respondents overall being broadly supportive of its need. A major finding is the hitherto unquantified concerns of patient ethnicity and its impact on psychotropic optimisation principles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2025.10875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T14:06:47Z","timestamp":1761228407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists\u2019 attitudes to psychotropic optimisation for people with intellectual disabilities and\/or autism: cross-sectional comparison study"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-285X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Tromans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leicester"},{"name":"Leicestershire Partnership NHS 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