{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:07:16Z","timestamp":1781143636465,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000225_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Adolescence marks a critical transition period, with significant mental health challenges including anxiety and depression symptoms that affect long-term happiness. There has been a lack of research exploring the factors mediating adolescent happiness.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000225_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To investigate the mediating effects of anxiety and depression on adolescent happiness, as well as the contributions of sociodemographic factors.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000225_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We recruited 392 adolescents. Anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms and happiness were assessed by the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire and single-item happiness scale, respectively. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic information.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000225_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Spearman correlation analysis showed significant negative correlations of happiness with anxiety (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.37, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001) and depression (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.47, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). Positive predictors of happiness included quality of parents\u2019 marriage (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = 0.12, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006), regular physical exercise (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = 0.13, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006) and regular diet (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = 0.10, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). Mediation analysis indicated that depressive symptoms (estimate = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.80) and anxiety symptoms (estimate = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.57) partially mediated the relationship between regular exercise and happiness, whereas depressive symptoms completely mediated the relationship between anxiety symptoms and happiness (estimate = \u22120.14, 95% CI: \u22120.20 to \u22120.08).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000225_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The findings of this study highlight the intricate interplay of mental health issues, lifestyle factors and adolescent happiness and emphasise the need for comprehensive interventions focusing on enhancing physical activity and addressing psychological health to foster happiness among adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2025.22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T14:03:13Z","timestamp":1743429793000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Examining the relationships of happiness and emotional symptoms, regular exercise and demographic characteristics among adolescents seeking psychological services: cross-sectional study with mediation analysis"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Na","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3501-8325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472425000225_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884520","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.884520","article-title":"Single-item happiness measure features adequate validity among adolescents","volume":"13","author":"Luko\u0161evi\u010di\u016bt\u0117","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"S2056472425000225_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2006.34.2.139","article-title":"Measuring happiness with a single-item scale","volume":"34","author":"Abdel-Khalek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Behav Pers"},{"key":"S2056472425000225_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-020-01058-8"},{"key":"S2056472425000225_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-044150"},{"key":"S2056472425000225_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2023.114791"},{"key":"S2056472425000225_ref2","unstructured":"2 UNIICEF. 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Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 2021 (https:\/\/www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org\/hw_happiness\/5\/)."},{"key":"S2056472425000225_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01099-5","article-title":"Role of physical activity and sedentary behavior in the mental health of preschoolers, children and adolescents: a\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Rodriguez-Ayllon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"S2056472425000225_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00509"},{"key":"S2056472425000225_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20429"},{"key":"S2056472425000225_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090185"}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056472425000225","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T14:03:33Z","timestamp":1743429813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056472425000225\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056472425000225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2025.22","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e74"}}