{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T07:40:19Z","timestamp":1743493219257,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000249_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders worldwide, and most previous studies have focused solely on alcohol drinking or tobacco smoking as risk factors for anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000249_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>This study investigated the associations of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking with anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000249_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The data of 30 836 individuals in the Taiwan Biobank were retrieved and analysed in our study. To investigate the associations of tobacco and alcohol use with anxiety, we analysed Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (specifically scores for the first two questions assessing generalised anxiety disorder) results of the included participants and data on their tobacco and alcohol use, and other covariates.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000249_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Participants who used only tobacco and those using both tobacco and alcohol were more likely to experience anxiety than were those who did not use tobacco or alcohol. Among men, the use of alcohol and\/or tobacco was associated with a significantly higher risk of anxiety. Among women, the use of both alcohol and tobacco was associated with a significantly higher risk of anxiety. Older age was associated with a lower risk of anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000249_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Tobacco and alcohol use significantly influence the risk of anxiety, particularly in men, and older age also influences this risk. The associations of anxiety with tobacco and alcohol use in women may change because of the increasing prevalence of their use among women in Taiwan in recent years.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2025.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T07:05:35Z","timestamp":1743491135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking on anxiety in sample of 30 836 individuals in Taiwan Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ya-Ting","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Po","family":"Lien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerry Cheng-Yen","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1732-025X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaw-Ji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101556","article-title":"Improving sleep quality leads to better mental health: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"60","author":"Scott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.2.245"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(93)90041-P","article-title":"Alcohol and anxiety: ethopharmacological approaches","volume":"17","author":"Blanchard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw140"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103080","article-title":"Effect of caffeine consumption on the risk for neurological and psychiatric disorders: sex differences in human","volume":"12","author":"Jee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref19","first-page":"5321","article-title":"Population structure of Han Chinese in the modern Taiwanese population based on 10,000 participants in the Taiwan Biobank project","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref24","article-title":"Co-occurring alcohol use disorder and anxiety: bridging psychiatric, psychological, and neurobiological perspectives","volume":"40","author":"Anker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-014-9685-9"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124543"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref33","first-page":"4848290","article-title":"The effect of physical exercise on the elderly\u2019s anxiety: based on systematic reviews and meta-analysis","volume":"2022","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-019-00771-5"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0092-x"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.55"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.01.011","article-title":"Impact of physical exercise on depression and anxiety in adolescent inpatients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"301","author":"Philippot","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2004.008011"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12138"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.03.007","article-title":"Smoking and social anxiety: the roles of gender and smoking motives","volume":"38","author":"Buckner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61264-1","article-title":"Changing trends in the prevalence of common mental disorders in Taiwan: a 20-year repeated cross-sectional survey","volume":"381","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0373-9"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.006"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109131"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/174643"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.21.498","article-title":"Association between sleep quality and anxiety in Korean adolescents","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Prev Med Public Health"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1359"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056535"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051444","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1051444","article-title":"Association between dietary caffeine, coffee, and tea consumption and depressive symptoms in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"10","author":"Torabynasab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.06.019"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.05.006"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.12.1723","article-title":"Alcohol dependence and anxiety disorders: what is the relationship?","volume":"151","author":"Schuckit","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.03.013","article-title":"Secular trends in alcohol consumption over 50 years: the Framingham study","volume":"121","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1373-1"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103441"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720002299"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2190\/PM.41.1.c","article-title":"Exercise for the treatment of depression and anxiety","volume":"41","author":"Carek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jlme.12322"},{"key":"S2056472425000249_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.11.007","article-title":"Parental factors associated with depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"156","author":"Yap","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056472425000249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T07:06:24Z","timestamp":1743491184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056472425000249\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056472425000249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2025.24","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e78"}}