{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:30:24Z","timestamp":1790087424883,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000080_as1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>In India, women in rural areas have high rates of depression. They have poor access to mental healthcare resources and, hence, mental health symptoms remain largely unaddressed. Existing mobile telephone applications (apps) do not engage end-users, lack local language options, may not be socioculturally relevant and do not use audiovisual formats. We thus developed a mobile mental health app, Multiuser Interactive Health Response Application (MITHRA), to screen and provide brief behavioural intervention for mild to moderate depression among rural women attending self-help groups (SHGs) in India.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000080_as2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>This qualitative study explores the process and findings of focus groups conducted with SHG administrators and women to inform the iterative development of the MITHRA app.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000080_as3\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>In total, 22 participants were interviewed (17 SHG participants and five administrators), and a thematic analysis of the data was conducted using the acceptability of interventions framework.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000080_as4\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Frequent themes across the focus groups were affective attitude, burden, self-efficacy and perceived effectiveness. All women showed a positive attitude towards the app and depression interventions, while older women demonstrated less self-efficacy in using mobile mental health apps.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472425000080_as5\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>MITHRA is a promising app in the management of mild to moderate depression in women in SHG. With adequate training and education of family members, MITHRA has the potential to identify and treat women with mild to moderate depression.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2025.8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T07:15:58Z","timestamp":1742886958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development of a Multiuser Interactive Health Response Application (MITHRA) for depression in women from a community-based organisation in India"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Johnson-Pradeep","family":"Ruben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhinagaran","family":"Devadass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Ramakrishna","family":"Goud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yesenia","family":"Navarro-Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Kalidindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abijeet","family":"Waghmare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnamachari","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela Y.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9284-0650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amritha","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-20020901-06"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-8990.164791"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232076"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104535"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.07.010408"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h869"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1177\/00207640211032253","article-title":"Managing depression in India: opportunities for a targeted smartphone app","volume":"67","author":"Ramnath","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2031-8"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref11","unstructured":"11 Women Connected. The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2019. GSMA, 2019 (https:\/\/www.gsma.com\/solutions-and-impact\/connectivity-for-good\/mobile-for-development\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/GSMA-The-Mobile-Gender-Gap-Report-2019.pdf)."},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref16","first-page":"37","article-title":"The role of Digital India in rural women empowerment: a case study of Vijayapura District","volume":"26","author":"Kakade","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOSR J Hum Soc Sci"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-019-09664-3"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2015.11"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1700595"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31589-6"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0236078","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236078","article-title":"Does having a mobile phone matter? Linking phone access among women to health in India: an exploratory analysis of the national family health survey","volume":"15","author":"Mohan","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005596","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005596","article-title":"Freedom within a cage: how patriarchal gender norms limit women\u2019s use of mobile phones in rural central India","volume":"6","author":"Scott","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"S2056472425000080_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000100"}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056472425000080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T07:16:16Z","timestamp":1742886976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056472425000080\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056472425000080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2025.8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e58"}}