{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:33:19Z","timestamp":1785407599298,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472426109776_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for depression strongly depends on patient characteristics. Clinical factors may increase (e.g. age, psychotic symptoms) or decrease (e.g. episode duration) response rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426109776_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study aimed to develop an instrument for the prediction of ECT response in patients with unipolar depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426109776_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 45 patients were assessed using the G\u00f6ttingen Response to ECT Assessment Tool (GREAT; seven items, 0 to 14 points). Clinical outcome was measured using the Montgomery \u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Response was defined as \u2265 50% MADRS-improvement or a clinical global impression improvement (CGI-I) score \u2264 2. Analyses were conducted between responders and non-responders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426109776_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results showed a high correlation between GREAT-score and dichotomous response (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.585) as well as MADRS-improvement (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.554, both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC)\u00a0of 0.841 (asymptotic significance:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). A cut-off point at \u22657 points predicted ECT response in individual cases with 80% accuracy. GLM-analyses showed a significantly better MADRS-improvement for patients with a GREAT-score \u2265 7\n                      <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                      . &lt; 7 (interaction-effect:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426109776_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our prospective study shows that an instrument consisting of seven clinical items is able to predict ECT response in depression with good accuracy. Limitations include a relatively small sample size and the lack of further potential predictors suggested by recent studies. GREAT will thus be modified to further improve its accuracy. Currently, it may give clinicians a relevant estimate of the likelihood and the extent of the individual response to ECT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2026.10977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:05:18Z","timestamp":1771232718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Little information, great impact? A clinical tool for the prediction of electroconvulsive therapy effectiveness in depression"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9250-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Belz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/021ft0n22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Methfessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/021ft0n22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Besse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/021ft0n22","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University Medical Center 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e66"}}