{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:45:41Z","timestamp":1787021141431,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rare copy number variants (CNVs; deleted\/duplicated DNA segments) are associated with childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is unknown whether carrying a CNV moderates the effect of ADHD\/ASD on adult outcomes. In a UK population-based cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, ADHD and ASD difficulties at ages 7\u201316 years were defined categorically. Outcomes included: General Certificate of Secondary Education non-attainment; depression at ages 18 and 24; functioning at age 25; not in education, employment or training; and receiving state benefits at age 25. Logistic regressions were used to assess associations between ADHD\/ASD and outcomes, and to test CNVs as moderators. Multiple imputation was used to account for data missingness. We did not find strong evidence of CNVs moderating the effect of ADHD or ASD on young adult outcomes. However, confidence intervals for the moderating effect were wide, so further research in larger clinical samples is necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2026.11018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:41:34Z","timestamp":1776310894000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Childhood ADHD and autism spectrum disorder difficulties: exploring the impact of copy number variants on young adult outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7493-2041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte A.","family":"Dennison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kk7td41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cardiff University"},{"name":"Cardiff University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Shakeshaft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kk7td41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cardiff University"},{"name":"Cardiff University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Tilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5124-5230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"Riglin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kk7td41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cardiff University"},{"name":"Cardiff University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Thapar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03kk7td41","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Cardiff University"},{"name":"Cardiff University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.07.005"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref4","unstructured":"4 Royal College of Psychiatrists. The Role of Genetic Testing in Mental Health Settings . Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2023 (https:\/\/www.rcpsych.ac.uk\/docs\/default-source\/improving-care\/better-mh-policy\/college-reports\/College-report-CR237---Genetic-testing-in-mental-health-settings.pdf [cited 11 Jan 2023])."},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys064"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32685"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2021.23"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.6.568"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.08.014"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46396-1"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.04.006"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys066"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008892"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12559"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2000.tb02345.x"},{"key":"S2056472426110187_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.301"}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056472426110187","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:41:38Z","timestamp":1776310898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056472426110187\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056472426110187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2026.11018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e108"}}