{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:42:54Z","timestamp":1785436974682,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472426110254_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinically relevant anxiety can be detected in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but its prevalence and determinants have not yet been fully assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426110254_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and clinical underpinnings of anxiety in ALS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426110254_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non-demented ALS patients (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 433) and healthy controls (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 313) were administered the State- and Trait-Anxiety Inventory \u2013 Form Y (STAI-Y1 for state-anxiety and STAI-Y2 for trait-anxiety) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Patients were further assessed for cognition (Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen), behaviour (Frontal Behavioural Inventory) and motor status (disease duration, ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised and progression rate). The prevalence of clinically significant state- and trait-anxiety were estimated by applying age-stratified cut-offs to STAI-Y1\/-Y2\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -scores. Linear and logistic regressions were run to test the determinants of STAI-Y1\/-Y2 scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426110254_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      STAI-Y1 and -Y2 scores above cut-off were detected in 18.2 and 13.9% of patients, respectively \u2013 with proportions being higher in cases versus controls (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      s &lt; 0.001). BDI, but neither cognitive\/behavioural nor motor variables, was identified as a significant predictor of STAI-Y1\/-Y2 scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      s &lt; 0.003). The cognitive\u2013affective subscale of BDI was the sole predictor of scores above cut-off on both STAI-Y1 and STAI-Y2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      s &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426110254_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinically significant levels of state- and trait-anxiety occur in \u223c18 and \u223c14% of non-demented ALS patients, respectively, mostly driven by cognitive and affective facets of depression, and are independent of motor and cognitive\/behavioural features.<\/jats:p>\n                  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