{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:18:57Z","timestamp":1785424737969,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472426110278_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has been described as a prolonged societal trauma providing new understanding of long-term post-traumatic stress reactions, both generally and in specific at-risk populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426110278_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study examined the longitudinal course of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms within one of the most high-profile risk groups (i.e. healthcare staff).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426110278_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample comprised 439 healthcare staff who completed the Northern Ireland longitudinal COVID-19 Staff Wellbeing Survey on a minimum of 3 out of 4 distribution time points. The survey was administered repeatedly over 4 years, spanning both peri- and post-pandemic periods (2020\u20132023), and contained the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, as well as bespoke items on COVID-19, demographics, occupational issues and support factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426110278_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three distinct classes emerged from a three-class, latent class growth analysis model. A \u2018resilient\u2019 group (74%) displayed symptoms that remained below cut-offs for clinically significant moderate\u2013severe post-traumatic stress throughout the pandemic, whereas a \u2018recovering\u2019 group (23%) exhibited moderate\u2013severe symptoms during the pandemic, which then decreased to subthreshold levels post-pandemic. A key at-risk group was the \u2018chronic\u2019 class (4%), which had moderate\u2013severe post-traumatic stress symptoms peri-pandemic that continued to increase post-pandemic. Significant predictors of the \u2018recovering\u2019 and \u2018chronic\u2019 classes included perception of poor communication within the healthcare organisation; increased exposure to COVID-19 outside their work; and increased personal health risk factors for COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426110278_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-pandemic PTSD monitoring and support for healthcare staff may be warranted alongside the development of internal communication strategies within healthcare systems to protect staff and services going forward.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2026.11027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T10:53:23Z","timestamp":1777287203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post-traumatic stress symptom trajectories following exposure to population-level trauma: findings from the COVID-19 Healthcare Staff Wellbeing Survey"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6922-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin F. 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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Statistics. NISRA, 2025 (https:\/\/www.nisra.gov.uk\/statistics\/people-and-communities\/coronavirus-covid-19-statistics)."},{"key":"S2056472426110278_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.06.031"},{"key":"S2056472426110278_ref13","unstructured":"13 O\u2019Hagan J. Northern Ireland Health and Social Care Workforce Census March 2020 . 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e120"}}