{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:13:34Z","timestamp":1789424014780,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472426120067_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Difficulties with social cognition, particularly with mentalising, have been hypothesised to increase the risk of, and affect recovery from, trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We lack a comprehensive picture of the nature of social cognitive impairments in people with PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426120067_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether variation in social cognition is associated with trauma and PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426120067_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety-eight participants with PTSD symptoms and 99 controls were recruited from tertiary PTSD services and the Prolific online platform. All participants completed a battery of social cognition tasks covering face emotion recognition, social attribution and mentalisation. They also completed a trauma measure, PTSD screening measure and verbal IQ task. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between social cognition and PTSD, and were adjusted for age, gender, autism and verbal IQ.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426120067_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was some evidence that hypomentalisation, measured via the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire, was associated with exposure to trauma (adjusted odds ratio 1.80, 95% CI 1.03\u20133.14,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.040) and increased odds of PTSD symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 4.29, 95% CI 2.76\u20136.66,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Higher scores for use of mentalising language on a naturalistic video-based spontaneous mentalising task (Modified-STOMP; potentially reflecting hypermentalising) were also associated with increased odds of PTSD symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 1.65, 95% CI 1.17\u20132.33,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004) in the main analysis, but not in the sensitivity analysis restricted to the Prolific-only sample.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426120067_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results show an association between mentalising difficulties and PTSD symptoms, indicating mentalising might be a target for future risk prediction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2026.12006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T07:43:27Z","timestamp":1780559007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A case\u2013control study examining the relationship between social cognition and post-traumatic stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0146-3969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantelle E.","family":"Wiseman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0524sp257","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Bristol"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"},{"name":"Cardiff University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5170-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan I.","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Bader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Caerphilly Community Mental Health Team"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Zammit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University"},{"name":"University of Bristol"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref29","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases","year":"2019"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00715"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref25","unstructured":"25 Weathers, F , Blake, D , Schnurr, P , Kolupek, D , Marx, B , Keane, T. Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5) . National Centre for PTSD, 2013 (https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/assessment\/te-measures\/life_events_checklist.asp)."},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2019.01.035"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.2374"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref14","unstructured":"14 Qualtrics. Qualtrics XM. Qualtrics, n.d. (https:\/\/www.qualtrics.com)."},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pnp.12013"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/aca0000438"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110045"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref13","unstructured":"13 Prolific. Prolific Online Participant Recruitment Platform. Prolific, n.d. (https:\/\/www.prolific.com)."},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2017.1353383"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.2.273"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20429"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000182"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2024.102395"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.082"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010416-044046"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.11.014"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0261927X09351676"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2022.2093036"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00645"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721003718"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref21","unstructured":"21 Boyd, RL , Ashokkumar, A , Seraj, S , Pennebaker, JW. The Development and Psychometric Properties of LIWC 22. University of Texas at Austin, 2022 (https:\/\/www.liwc.app\/)."},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026999396380079"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04234-3"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsu081"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/collabra.37602"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/trm0000252"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12002"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2017.01.006"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12238"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191121996469"},{"key":"S2056472426120067_ref26","unstructured":"26 Weathers, F , Litz, B , Keane, T , Palmieri, P , Marx, B , Schnurr, P. PTSD Checklist for DSM-V (PCL-5) . 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e154"}}