{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:48:22Z","timestamp":1791866902341,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472426121231_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preventing episodes involving aggression and reducing coercive measures are important goals in in-patient mental health settings. Antecedents may provide insight into how episodes are described to develop. However, most studies reflect staff perspectives, and often describe and temporally specify antecedents inconsistently.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426121231_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review mapped reported antecedents to episodes involving aggression and episodes involving coercive measures, and identified which appeared shared or specific to either phenomenon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426121231_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidance, and included 39 studies from systematic searches across Ovid Medline, APA PsycINFO and Scopus. Reported antecedents were extracted, standardised and mapped to six analytical domains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426121231_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review mapped 240 antecedents, many of which appeared shared across the phenomena. Patient studies emphasised experiences of restrictive care, loss of autonomy and poor interaction quality. Staff studies emphasised immediate, observable situations related to risk management, such as patient aggression, denied requests and interpersonal conflict. Most studies did not specify the temporal boundaries of antecedents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426121231_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The perspectives represented in studies and the ways antecedents are conceptualised influence which antecedents become visible in the literature. Overlapping antecedents indicate that episodes involving aggression and episodes involving coercive measures are often described as part of the same escalation process, although patient and staff studies seem to highlight different stages. Prevention efforts therefore require attention to the entire trajectory, and to the point at which staff perceive intervention as necessary. Future studies should incorporate both perspectives, prioritise patient involvement, and more clearly define and temporally specify antecedents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2026.12123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:27:21Z","timestamp":1791865641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antecedents to episodes involving aggression and coercion in in-patient mental health settings: scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6809-7468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nj\u00e5l Herman Eikeng","family":"Sterri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q12yn84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Oslo Metropolitan University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00j9c2840","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Oslo University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Lockertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q12yn84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Oslo Metropolitan University"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00j9c2840","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Oslo University Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonje Lossius","family":"Husum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q12yn84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Oslo Metropolitan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Lockertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04q12yn84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Oslo Metropolitan University"},{"name":"Nord University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Siqveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akershus University Hospital"},{"name":"National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Oslo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0668-6598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette","family":"Senneseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helse Bergen HF"},{"name":"Western Norway University of Applied Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12758"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2016.06.004"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12493"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.106.s412.30.x"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref16","volume-title":"JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis","author":"Peters","year":"2024"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/curationis.v37i1.1122"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12809\/eaap1727"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref54","first-page":"284","article-title":"The use of mechanical restraint in a psychiatric setting: an observational study","volume":"26","author":"Poloni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychopathol"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.54.3.389"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref72","first-page":"115","article-title":"Consumer perspectives of Safewards impact in acute inpatient mental health wards in Victoria, Australia","volume":"10","author":"Fletcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-025-07025-6"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-015-0079-5"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13152"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480410005918"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref14","unstructured":"14 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Violence and Aggression: Short-term Management in Mental Health, Health and Community Settings. NICE Guideline [NG10]. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2015."},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266935"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371506000903"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14107"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-092632"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-016-9462-y"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2022.06.005"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-023-10056-5"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258346"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12028"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12097"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref37","first-page":"484","article-title":"Physical assault in the psychiatry emergency room","volume":"48","author":"Lawrence","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2022.574"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1989.tb03420.x"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901410010094"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2016.1207222"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bja.2018.29"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12410"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03974-4"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-05239-w"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.871525"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00188"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.13015"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S89486"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/02793695-20040901-05"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01612840.2013.871088"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref3","volume-title":"Mental Health, Human Rights and Legislation: Guidance and Practice","year":"2023"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00462"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2012.01827.x"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14091161"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2005.03426.x"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067943"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773818823333"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733013503601"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nin.12199"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10783903231199114"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12191"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12161552"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12129"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.06.017"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12063"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856220926940"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12029"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12381"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00096"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-022-00565-4"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1054773817713177"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2019.03.016"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12054"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733014564104"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12532"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12659"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/inm.12228"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-016-0059-5"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2019.1710005"},{"key":"S2056472426121231_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpm.12586"}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056472426121231","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:27:24Z","timestamp":1791865644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056472426121231\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056472426121231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2026.12123","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e258"}}