{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T06:46:52Z","timestamp":1792392412451,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472426121334_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>International guidance recommends that long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics be considered for routine management of first-episode schizophrenia. Reliable national estimates of utilisation are lacking for most countries, including Ireland.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426121334_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence of LAI antipsychotic prescribing in Ireland between 2014 and 2024 and explore the effects of age, sex and socioeconomic status on prescribing trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426121334_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The annual prescribing prevalence was calculated per 1000 individuals with schizophrenia aged 15\u201369 using the national pharmacy claims database. The effects of year, age, sex, socioeconomic class and antipsychotic medication on LAI antipsychotic prescribing trends were examined using log-linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426121334_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of LAI antipsychotic prescribing decreased from 327\/1000 in 2014 to 281\/1000 in 2024, with an average annual change in prescribing rate of \u22121.49% [95% CI \u22121.98, \u22120.79]. In 2024, paliperidone LAIs were most commonly prescribed (40.2%). Prescribing prevalence increased with age, with the lowest prescribing prevalence occurring among those aged 15\u201324 years (79\/1000) and the highest among those aged 65\u201369 years (434\/1000). The prescribing prevalence increased significantly among those aged 25\u201334 years only (+2.7% [95% CI 1.7, 4.3]). Prescribing rates decreased across all ages between 45 and 69 years; the largest decrease occurred among those aged 65\u201369 years (\u22124.3% [95% CI \u22125.7, \u22122.9]). Higher rates of prescribing were seen in male compared with female patients across all age bands, with the highest male-to-female ratio (2.94) occurring among those aged 25\u201334 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472426121334_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 28% of Irish individuals with schizophrenia are prescribed an LAI antipsychotic. Prescribing rates have decreased by 14% since 2014. Priorities for future research include implementation science studies to identify strategies that can effectively increase LAI antipsychotic prescribing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2026.12133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T06:28:11Z","timestamp":1792391291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-acting injectable antipsychotics in schizophrenia management: population-based epidemiological study of longitudinal prescribing practices in Ireland (2014\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9570-8823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ita","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03265fv13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University College Cork"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/032e0fv91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Patrick\u2019s Mental Health Services"},{"name":"Aston University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siobh\u00e1n","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03265fv13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University College Cork"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edel","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03265fv13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University College Cork"},{"name":"University College Cork"},{"name":"Bon Secours Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciara","family":"N\u00ed Dhubhlaing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03265fv13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University College Cork"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/032e0fv91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Patrick\u2019s Mental Health Services"},{"name":"College of Mental Health Pharmacy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"O\u2019Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Patrick\u2019s Mental Health Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7496-9477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura J.","family":"Sahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03265fv13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University College Cork"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/032e0fv91","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"St Patrick\u2019s Mental Health Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30132-4"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02530-2"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-024-01817-8"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.195.52.s37"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.07.005"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-017-2310-7"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref22","unstructured":"22 Health Products Regulatory Authority. Zypadhera 405 mg Powder and Solvent for Prolonged Release Suspension for Injection. HPRA, n.d. (https:\/\/www.hpra.ie\/find-a-medicine\/for-human-use\/authorised-medicines\/details\/8906 [cited 31 Jan 2026])."},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30078-0"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.70011"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14010006"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31135-3"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200127"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.24163"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2023.115791"},{"key":"S2056472426121334_ref27","unstructured":"27 Our World in Data. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e269"}}