{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T04:32:44Z","timestamp":1772685164775,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"489","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18809,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1966,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is still little agreement on the value of frontal leucotomy in the treatment of chronic psychiatric illness (Pippard, 1962). A familiar feature of this uncertainty is the contrast between the enthusiasm of the authors of uncontrolled studies (Pippard, 1955; Scoville, 1960; Sargent and Slater, 1963; Birley, 1964; Sykes and Tredgold, 1964) and the scepticism of those who have included a matched untreated group (Robin, 1958; McKenzie and Kaczanowski, 1964;<jats:italic>Brit. Med. J.,<\/jats:italic>1965). These controlled series were only concerned with \u201cstandard\u201d leucotomies, which are now generally abandoned. All studies, including those of modified leucotomy, examined heterogeneous psychiatric disorders and concentrated on their final state rather than their progress towards it. This approach may obscure important differences both in type of disorder and stage of follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.112.489.757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,6]],"date-time":"2008-08-06T18:04:14Z","timestamp":1218045854000},"page":"757-769","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Modified Leucotomy in Severe Agoraphobia: A Controlled Serial Inquiry"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"I. M.","family":"Marks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. L. T.","family":"Birley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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(Edit.), i, 1083\u20131084."},{"key":"S000712500002047X_ref6","first-page":"352","volume-title":"Recent Progress in Psychiatry","author":"Falconer","year":"1959"},{"key":"S000712500002047X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(63)92303-1"},{"key":"S000712500002047X_ref8","unstructured":"Gelder M. G. Marks I. M. and Wolff H. H. (1966). \u201cDesensitization and psychotherapy in the treatment of phobic states: a controlled inquiry\u201d. Brit. J. Psychiat. In Press."},{"key":"S000712500002047X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.100.418.62","article-title":"\u201cLeucotomy\u2014a recent development\u201d","volume":"100","author":"Jackson","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. ment. 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