{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T16:23:03Z","timestamp":1772814183992,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"535","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17409,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1970,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gambling may be defined as an activity which has the following four characteristics:\n<jats:list list-type=\"number\"><jats:list-item><jats:label>1.<\/jats:label><jats:p>There is an agreement between two or more persons; the participation of others is therefore essential, although sometimes, as in pools and fruit machine gambling, this is more remote.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:label>2.<\/jats:label><jats:p>Certain property is transferred between the persons involved so that some gain at the expense of others; this is usually referred to as the stake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:label>3.<\/jats:label><jats:p>The result is dependent on the outcome of a risky or uncertain situation; it therefore involves risk taking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><jats:list-item><jats:label>4.<\/jats:label><jats:p>Participation can be avoided and is typically pursued in an active fashion; the motivation for this is not uniform often being unrelated to the property staked and arising out of various psychological needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.116.535.593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,6]],"date-time":"2008-08-06T18:04:14Z","timestamp":1218045854000},"page":"593-597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Varieties of Pathological Gambling"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Moran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000191895_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1935.tb06324.x"},{"key":"S0007125000191895_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)91497-8"},{"key":"S0007125000191895_ref13","first-page":"11","article-title":"\u2018Alcoholism: terminology and classification.\u2019","volume":"2","author":"Scott","year":"1966","journal-title":"Prison med. 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