{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:44:53Z","timestamp":1787021093515,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"539","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17287,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1970,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>I have chosen as the subject for my Blake Marsh Lecture the influence of sex chromosome aberrations on intelligence, mental health and social adjustment. This subject provides a fascinating example of how a branch of research, beginning in the field of mental retardation, arrived at discoveries which proved to be of significance to quite other fields of psychiatry. Ten years ago we learned that sex-chromatin-positive males, that is, males with additional X chromosomes, at least in some cell lines, were more often encountered among the intellectually retarded than among the average population of males. Shortly after this we learned that the same was true of women with double Barr bodies, that is, women with more than the usual two X chromosomes, at least in some cell lines. Today we have facts showing that an abnormal sex chromosome complement may have an unfavourable effect on mental health, and this in several different ways; thus we know that it may contribute to the development of functional psychoses, and may even influence such a complex variable of behaviour as our ability to adapt ourselves to the laws of the community. Myself, I am convinced that study of aberrations in the sex chromosomes will prove to have a radical effect on large sections of psychiatric thinking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.117.539.353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,6]],"date-time":"2008-08-06T14:05:03Z","timestamp":1218031503000},"page":"353-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The Mental Implications of Sex Chromosome Aberrations"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Hans","family":"Forssman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref13","article-title":"\u2018EEG-Untersuchungen beim jugendlichen Klinefelter-Syndrom.\u2019","volume":"16","author":"Dumermuth","year":"1961","journal-title":"Helv. paediat. Acta"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/224369a0"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.115.525.965"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1964.tb05732.x"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref58","first-page":"48","article-title":"\u2018The incidence of Klinefelter's syndrome in a mental deficiency hospital.\u2019","volume":"4","author":"Shapiro","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. ment. Defic. Res."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref56","article-title":"\u2018Studies on chromosomal nondisjunction in man. II.\u2019","volume":"19","author":"Robinson","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am. J. hum. Genet."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1969.tb06199.x"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00696020"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.113.503.1097"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref34","unstructured":"Koch G. (1965). \u2018Die Bedeutung der Chromosomenst\u00f6rungen f\u00fcr die Psychiatric\u2019 7. Psychiatertagung des Landschaftsverbandes Rheinland 1965 in S\u00fcchteln."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1962.01710200001001"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.148.3666.83"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref28","article-title":"\u2018Chromatin-positive presumed Klinefelter's syndrome.\u2019","volume":"i","author":"Israelsohn","year":"1961","journal-title":"Brit. med. J."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref54","article-title":"\u2018Chromosome studies on 3500 newborn male infants.\u2019","volume":"i","author":"Ratcliffe","year":"1970","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.63700120025010"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref51","article-title":"\u2018Die H\u00e4ufigkeit des echten, chromatin-positiven Klinefelter-Syndroms und seine Beziehungen zum Schwachsinn.\u2019","volume":"88","author":"Prader","year":"1958","journal-title":"Schweiz. med. Wschr."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref49","article-title":"\u2018Sex chromosome aberrations in relation to neuropsychiatry.\u2019","volume":"54","author":"Polani","year":"1961","journal-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. Med."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref48","unstructured":"Olanders S. (1970). Personal communication."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.116.531.221"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)91725-X"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref16","first-page":"73","article-title":"\u2018Sex chromatin anomalies in mentally defective individuals.\u2019","volume":"6","author":"Ferguson-Smith","year":"1962","journal-title":"Acta cytol. (Bait.)"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/215405a0"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref15","article-title":"\u2018The prepubertal testicular lesion in chromatin-positive Klinefelter's syndrome (primary microorchidism) as seen in mentally handicapped children.\u2019","volume":"i","author":"Ferguson-Smith","year":"1959","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)91814-4"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.109.458.90"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1953.tb04674.x"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref5","first-page":"89","article-title":"\u2018The chromatin-positive Klinefelter syndrome among patients in mental deficiency hospitals.\u2019","volume":"4","author":"Barr","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. ment. Defic. Res."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref6","article-title":"\u2018A probable XXYY sex determining mechanism in a mentally defective male with Klinefelter's syndrome.\u2019","volume":"84","author":"Carr","year":"1961","journal-title":"Canad. med. Ass. J."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-27-11-1623"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref11","article-title":"\u2018Sex chromosome aneuploidy and criminal behaviour.\u2019","volume":"4","author":"Court Brown","year":"1968","journal-title":"Eugenics Soc. Symp., Edinburgh"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref8","unstructured":"Cornwell J. G. (1960). Cited from Israelsohn and Taylor (1961)."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref10","first-page":"31","article-title":"\u2018Sex chromosome aneuploidy in man and its frequency, with special reference to mental sub-normality and criminal behaviour.\u2019","volume":"7","author":"Court Brown","year":"1969","journal-title":"Int. Rev. exp. Path."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref9","article-title":"\u2018Males with an XYY sex chromosome complement.\u2019","volume":"5","author":"Court Brown","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. med. Genet."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref43","article-title":"\u2018Klinefelter's syndrome and behaviour.\u2019","volume":"ii","author":"Nielsen","year":"1964b","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref30","unstructured":"Jagiello . Cited from Polani 1961."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref12","article-title":"\u2018Sex chromosome abnormalities among the mentally defective in Finland.\u2019","volume":"7","author":"De La Chapelle","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. ment. Defic. Res."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref4","article-title":"\u2018Sex chromosome abnormalities in a population of 1,662 mental defectives.\u2019","volume":"38","author":"Anderson","year":"1964","journal-title":"S. Afr. med. J."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)91858-8"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref1","article-title":"\u2018Sex-chromatin-negative women and epilepsy.\u2019","volume":"ii","author":"\u00c5kesson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1964.tb00618.x","article-title":"\u2018Positive sex chromatin in men with epilepsy.\u2019","volume":"175","author":"Hambert","year":"1964","journal-title":"Acta med. Scand."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref24","article-title":"\u2018Prevalence of positive sex chromatin in unselected adult Swedish male population.\u2019","volume":"11","author":"Hambert","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta genet. (Basel)"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref27","unstructured":"H\u00e4ssing , Cited from Koch 1965."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref2","article-title":"\u2018Frequency of negative sex chromatin among women in mental hospitals.\u2019","volume":"19","author":"\u00c5kesson","year":"1969","journal-title":"Hum. Her."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2081351a0"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref25","volume-title":"Males with positive sex chromatin. An epidemiologic investigation followed by psychiatric study of 75 cases.","author":"Hambert","year":"1966"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.5.3.165"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.0140137","article-title":"\u2018Zur Psychologic des Klinefelter-Syndroms.\u2019","volume":"14","author":"Z\u00fcblin","year":"1953","journal-title":"Acta endocr."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref38","article-title":"\u2018A survey of sex-chromosome abnormalities among 4514 mental defectives.\u2019","volume":"i","author":"Maclean","year":"1962","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref36","article-title":"\u2018Abnormalities of sex chromosome constitution in newborn babies.\u2019","volume":"ii","author":"Maclean","year":"1961","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref31","article-title":"\u2018Hypogonadism in young men (with emphasis on Klinefelter's syndrome).\u2019","volume":"54","author":"Kaplan","year":"1961","journal-title":"Ann. intern. Med."},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref37","article-title":"\u2018Sex-chromosome abnormalities in newborn babies.\u2019","volume":"i","author":"Maclean","year":"1964","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196904172801602"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/214500a0"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.112.483.145"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)91318-2"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/209641a0"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref14","article-title":"\u2018Chromatin-positive Klinefelter's syndrome (primary microorchidism) in a mental-deficiency hospital.\u2019","volume":"i","author":"Ferguson-Smith","year":"1958","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref18","article-title":"\u2018Extra Y chromosomes and epilepsy.\u2019","volume":"7","author":"Forssman","year":"1969","journal-title":"Humangenetik"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref44","volume-title":"Acta Jutl., 41","author":"Nielsen","year":"1969"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/223680a0"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(63)92035-X"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.25.2.291","article-title":"\u2018The frequency of the positive sex-chromatin pattern in males with mental deficiency.\u2019","volume":"25","author":"Mosier","year":"1960","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S0007125000193547_ref52","article-title":"\u2018Behaviour disorders and pattern of crime among XYY males identified at a maximum security hospital.\u2019","volume":"i","author":"Price","year":"1967","journal-title":"Brit. med. J."}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000193547","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T21:16:57Z","timestamp":1709155017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000193547\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":["The Blake Marsh Lecture for 1970, delivered before the Royal Medico-Psychological Association, 10 February 1970"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1970,10]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"539","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1970,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000193547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.117.539.353","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1970,10]]}}}