{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T18:33:44Z","timestamp":1769366024049,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"543","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17164,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1971,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since 1955 there has been a steady decline in the number of leucotomy operations, particularly of the open standard type introduced into this country in 1941. It has been considered by most authors that the undesirable side-effects caused this decline but no doubt the introduction of ataractic drugs also played its part (Pippard, 1962). Sykes and Tredgold (1964) discussed in detail the literature up to that time and it was felt unnecessary to repeat that survey here. Suffice it to say that from about 1949 various modifications of the standard operation were devised in the hope of diminishing or eliminating undesirable sequelae. Following the publication of a paper on the late social results of pre-frontal leucotomy by Str\u00f6m-Olsen and Tow (1949) the late Alexander Kennedy (1949) wrote in the correspondence column of the<jats:italic>Lancet<\/jats:italic>\u2014\u2018The future of this kind of operation (i.e. standard leucotomy) lies in limited and accurately localized sections. The correlation of these with their clinical and neuropathological effects offers a field of study which will occupy us for many years to come\u2019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.118.543.141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]],"date-time":"2008-08-12T22:35:43Z","timestamp":1218580543000},"page":"141-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Bi-Frontal Stereotactic Tractotomy"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Rolf","family":"Str\u00f6m-Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheila","family":"Carlisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S000712500019587X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1954.02330040001001"},{"key":"S000712500019587X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.106.2754.349"},{"key":"S000712500019587X_ref26","article-title":"\u2018Orbital cortex undercutting.\u2019","volume":"ii","author":"Str\u00f6m-Olsen","year":"1955","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S000712500019587X_ref28","volume-title":"Leucotomy in England and Wales 1942\u20131954.","author":"Tooth","year":"1961"},{"key":"S000712500019587X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.110.468.609"},{"key":"S000712500019587X_ref24","article-title":"\u2018Prefrontal leucotomy, with reference to indications and results.\u2019","volume":"39","author":"Str\u00f6m-Olsen","year":"1946","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"S000712500019587X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-195610000-00011"},{"key":"S000712500019587X_ref10","article-title":"\u2018A stereotaxic apparatus for intracerebral surgery.\u2019","volume":"99","author":"Leksell","year":"1949","journal-title":"Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S000712500019587X_ref11","unstructured":"Leksell L. 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