{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:11:31Z","timestamp":1761765091227},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"556","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16770,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present research represents an attempt to study the construct of \u2018conscience\u2019 in quantitative fashion and to investigate its relation to various types of psychiatric disorders. The psychoanalytic literature deals extensively with aspects of functioning or behaviour which are related to the inner rules which influence man's conduct. In his early writing, Freud described conscience as \u2018one part of the ego\u2019 which judged it critically (6), but by 1921 (5) he referred to this self-critical agency as the ego ideal. In 1923, Freud included in the new construct superego the functions of ego ideal as well as conscience (7). Current emphasis continues to be on the censuring aspects of superego (12, 15) and its similarity to conscience (11).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.120.556.259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]],"date-time":"2008-08-12T22:35:43Z","timestamp":1218580543000},"page":"259-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Conscience and Depressive Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Millard J.","family":"Amdur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Harrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref12","first-page":"230","volume-title":"On Shame and the Search for Identity","author":"Lynd","year":"1961"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref6","article-title":"\u2018Mourning and Melancholia.\u2019","author":"Freud","year":"1917","journal-title":"Collected Papers"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-196905000-00009"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1971.01750150048007"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref5","article-title":"\u2018A differentiating grade in the ego","volume":"XVIII","author":"Freud","journal-title":"Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0022905"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref10","article-title":"\u2018Oral, obsessive and hysterical personality patterns.\u2019","volume":"14","author":"Lazare","year":"1966","journal-title":"Arch. gen. Psychiat."},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref7","volume-title":"The Ego and The Id.","author":"Freud","year":"1962"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref11","first-page":"242","volume-title":"The Person","author":"Lidz","year":"1968"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026589"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046900"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00577947"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref17","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Normal Psychology of the Aging Process","author":"Zinberg","year":"1963"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197009000-00005"},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref4","article-title":"\u2018An experimental approach to the treatment of the acutely ill psychiatric patient in the general hospital.\u2019","volume":"25","author":"Detre","year":"1961","journal-title":"Conn. Med."},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref9","article-title":"\u2018Changes in adolescents\u2019 self-concepts and their parents\u2019 perceptions during psychiatric hospitalization.\u2019","volume":"147","author":"Freud","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. nerv. ment. Dis."},{"key":"S0007125000067702_ref15","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Modern Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Noyes","year":"1958"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000067702","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T19:17:17Z","timestamp":1559330237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000067702\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1972,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"556","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000067702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.120.556.259","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1972,3]]}}}