{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T22:41:33Z","timestamp":1771627293437,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"564","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16525,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite extensive research and a vast literature, the diagnosis of schizophrenia remains primarily a clinical decision based upon the presence of some agreed-upon symptom complex. Laboratory studies and special testing procedures have not yet demonstrated their utility in establishing diagnosis in this syndrome. While it is easy to cite studies of diagnostic difficulty (Beck, 1962), it is also apparent that when clinicians state they are \u2018certain of the diagnosis' or agree to utilize pre-established diagnostic stereotypes, the diagnostic agreement frequently achieves an 80 per cent reliability (Beck, 1962; Hordern <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>, 1968). Clinicians the world over tend to identify gross symptoms in similar ways. However, they may ascribe varying significance to similar symptom complexes and may even use similar symptom constellations to arrive at different diagnoses (Saenger, 1968; Sandifer <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>, 1968). There seems to be general agreement on the major symptoms found in schizophrenia (Cooper, 1967; Beck <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>, 1962; Hordem <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>, 1968); however, diagnostic agreement on subtypes, and on admixtures of paranoid symptoms and depression is much more difficult to achieve (Cooper, 1967; Morgan <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>, 1968; Lorr and Klett, 1968; Hordem <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>, 1968). The present study attempts to formalize the apparent commonality of clinical features which together establish a diagnosis of schizophrenia through the development of a valid and reliable checklist of symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.121.5.529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]],"date-time":"2008-08-12T18:35:43Z","timestamp":1218566143000},"page":"529-539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":195,"title":["A Checklist for the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"B. M.","family":"Astrachan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Harrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Brauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000017694_ref60","unstructured":"This Appendix includes the definitions for all of those items originally scored on our checklist. In our revised checklist we have eliminated depressive delusions, long and short term social isolation, dissociation, chaotic interpersonal relationships and reduced motor activity."},{"key":"S0007125000017694_ref57","unstructured":"Copies of this manual can be obtained by writing to Dr. C. 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It was ubiquitous but did not differentiat scehizophrenia from non-schizophrenia, although it was clearl myost prominent among those with a diagnosis of psychotic depression."},{"key":"S0007125000017694_ref27","volume-title":"Noyes' Modern Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Kolb","year":"1968"},{"key":"S0007125000017694_ref15","volume-title":"Ego Psychology and the Psychosis.","author":"Federn","year":"1952"},{"key":"S0007125000017694_ref5","article-title":"Reliability of psychiatric diagnosis: 1. A critique of systematic studies","volume":"119","author":"Beck","year":"1962","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000017694_ref6","article-title":"Reliability of psychiatric diagnoses: 2. 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