{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T09:33:46Z","timestamp":1725615226168},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"571","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":16313,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome had been considered an organic, often hereditary illness for many years after it was first described in 1885 (1, 2), but when medicine became psychologically oriented, the syndrome was more frequently classified as a psychological illness (3), and patients have been said to be schizophrenic, psychotic, obsessive-compulsive, hysteric, to have inhibited aggression, and eventually to deteriorate intellectually and psychologically. However, no support for common psychopathological and dynamic factors was found in our previous study of 34 patients or in a review of the literature (4). Recently, as medicine has shifted back from a psychological orientation, and as case histories have accumulated, an organic aetiology has been more frequently postulated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.122.6.659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]],"date-time":"2008-08-12T22:35:43Z","timestamp":1218580543000},"page":"659-664","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Organic Factors in Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Arthur K.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"Wayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Clarkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref38","first-page":"700","article-title":"\u2018A case of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, with some etiological observations.\u2019","volume":"6","author":"MacDonald","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Amer. Acad. Child Psychiat."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.116.10.935"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.116.2.177"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207146708407522"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.117.1.78"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref30","first-page":"427","article-title":"\u2018Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.\u2019","volume":"60","author":"Mazur","year":"1953a","journal-title":"Edinb. med. J."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1943.02290200011001"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref14","first-page":"96","article-title":"\u2018Tourette's disease: control of symptoms and its clinical course.\u2019","volume":"3","author":"Challas","year":"1967","journal-title":"Intl. J. Neuropsychiat."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.16.5.453"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref25","unstructured":"Shapiro A. K. , Shapiro E. , and Wayne H. \u2018Birth, developmental, and family histories, and demographic information in Tourette's syndrome.\u2019 Submitted for publication."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref12","volume-title":"The Bender-Gestalt Test for Young Children.","author":"Koppitz","year":"1963"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref31","first-page":"520","article-title":"\u2018Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.\u2019","volume":"69","author":"Mazur","year":"1953b","journal-title":"Canad. med. Assn. J."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1965.tb02160.x"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01561841"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.113.499.607"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1945.tb06537.x"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.105.441.1078"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref16","first-page":"265","article-title":"\u2018\u00dcber electroenzephalographische Untersuchungen bei der Maladie Gilles de la Tourette.\u2019","volume":"94","author":"Guggenheim","year":"1964","journal-title":"Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. u. Psychiat."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref2","first-page":"2193","article-title":"\u2018Common neurophysiology factors reported in literature.\u2019","volume":"70","author":"Corbin","year":"1970","journal-title":"N.Y.S. J. Med."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref1","first-page":"158","article-title":"\u2018\u00c9tudes sur une affection nerveuse caracteris\u00e9e par l'incoordination motrice accompagn\u00e9e d'\u00e9cholalie et de coprolalie (jumping, latah, myriachit).\u2019","volume":"9","author":"Gilles de la Tourette","year":"1885","journal-title":"Arch. de Neurol. (Paris)"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(196001)16:1<7::AID-JCLP2270160103>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref28","first-page":"2197","article-title":"\u2018Gilles de la Tourette's disease: an overview.\u2019","volume":"70","author":"Lucas","year":"1970","journal-title":"N.Y.S. J. Med."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref11","volume-title":"The Clinical Use of the Revised Bender-Gestalt Test.","author":"Hutt","year":"1960"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00343129"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref37","volume-title":"Clinical Neurology.","author":"Wechsler","year":"1952"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref19","first-page":"710","article-title":"\u2018Three cases of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome treated with psychotherapy and chlorpromazine.\u2019","volume":"81","author":"Mesnikoff","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch. Neur. Psychiat."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(56)80095-4"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-196004000-00008"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)61698-8"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref36","first-page":"746","article-title":"\u2018Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome treated with bimedial frontal leukotomy.\u2019","volume":"86","author":"Baker","year":"1962","journal-title":"Canad. med. Assn. J."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref15","first-page":"252","article-title":"\u2018De la maladie de Gilles de la Tourette.\u2019","volume":"120","author":"Dolmierski","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ann. m\u00e9d-psychol."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref39","first-page":"139","article-title":"\u2018Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.\u2019","volume":"14","author":"Faux","year":"1966","journal-title":"Amer. J. Psychiat."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.508.345"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01574970"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.105.4.267"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-196806000-00003"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.115.8.715"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref26","unstructured":"Shapiro A. K. , Shapiro E. , and Wayne H. \u2018The treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome with haloperidol: review of 34 cases.\u2019 Submitted for publication."},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.129.4.427"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1969.tb02083.x"},{"key":"S0007125000056968_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-193711000-00002"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000056968","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T19:51:13Z","timestamp":1559245873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000056968\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1973,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"571","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000056968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.122.6.659","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1973,6]]}}}