{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T20:25:49Z","timestamp":1780777549198,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15095,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Let us try to project ourselves back into the places and minds of physicians and psychiatrists in, say, 1900. When they spoke of disease, what did they mean? They meant, typically, something like syphilis. \u2018Know syphilis in all its manifestations and relations,\u2019 declared Sir William Osler (1849\u20131919), \u2018and all things clinical will be added unto you.\u2019 (1). Obviously, this is no longer true. Indeed, how many cases of syphilis do modern medical students see between the time they enroll in school and the time they graduate? In the United States, Osier's maxim has been replaced by another which asserts that \u2018mental illness is our number one health problem\u2018. This would make schizophrenia\u2014the most common and most disabling of the so-called mental diseases\u2014the successor of Osier's syphilis, showing us immediately what a gulf separates us from him. For, clearly, a physician may know all there is to know about schizophrenia, and yet be totally ignorant of medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.129.4.308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]],"date-time":"2008-08-12T22:35:43Z","timestamp":1218580543000},"page":"308-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Schizophrenia: The Sacred Symbol of Psychiatry"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Thomas S.","family":"Szasz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref1","first-page":"651","volume-title":"Familiar Medical Quotations","author":"Osler","year":"1968"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref4","volume-title":"Klinische Vorlesungen \u00fcber Psychiatrie auf wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen","author":"Meynert","year":"1890"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref15","unstructured":"Ibid., p 147."},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref9","volume-title":"Funk and Wagnall's New Standard Encyclopaedia","volume":"10","author":"Virchow","year":"1935"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref3","volume-title":"The Myth of Mental Illness: Foundations of a Theory of Personal Conduct","author":"Szasz","year":"1961"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref12","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Henderson and Gillespie's Textbook of Psychiatry","author":"Batchelor","year":"1969"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref14","unstructured":"Ibid., p 9."},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref6","volume-title":"American Handbook of Psychiatry","author":"See Breutsch","year":"1959"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref19","unstructured":"Freud , op. cit., p 257."},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref17","volume-title":"The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud","author":"Freud","year":"1901"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref11","unstructured":"Ibid."},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref20","volume-title":"Report of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia, Vol I: Results of the Initial Evaluation Phase","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref16","first-page":"563","volume-title":"The Freud\/Jung Letters: The Correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C. G. Jung","author":"McGuire","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref8","volume-title":"The Encyclopaedia Britannica; Macropaedia","volume":"19","author":"Virchow","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref10","volume-title":"American Handbook of Psychiatry","author":"Arieti","year":"1959"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref13","volume-title":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias","author":"Bleuler","year":"1911"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref18","unstructured":"Strachey J. (1960) Introduction, ibid., pp xiii\u2014xiv."},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref21","unstructured":"Ibid., p 10."},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Quoted in: Schizophrenia: specificity remains a very thorny issue, Roche Report","volume":"5","year":"1975","journal-title":"Frontiers of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref7","volume-title":"One Hundred Years of Psychiatry","author":"Kraepelin","year":"1917"},{"key":"S0007125000093910_ref5","first-page":"44","volume-title":"A History of Medical Psychology","author":"Zilboorg","year":"1941"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000093910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,28]],"date-time":"2019-05-28T20:03:16Z","timestamp":1559073796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000093910\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000093910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.129.4.308","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,10]]}}}