{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T17:12:42Z","timestamp":1764349962703},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15003,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Recent<\/jats:italic> losses occurring in the two years before onset of depression in women are distinguished from <jats:italic>past<\/jats:italic> losses occurring at any time before this. Of past losses only loss of mother before 11 is associated with greater risk of depression\u2014both among women treated by psychiatrists and among women found to be suffering from depression in a random sample of 458 women living in London. Past loss of a father or sibling before 17 (or a mother between 11 and 17), or a child or husband, is not associated with a greater chance of developing depression. However, among patients all types of past loss by <jats:italic>death<\/jats:italic> are associated with psychotic-like depressive symptoms (and their severity) and <jats:italic>other<\/jats:italic> types of past loss with neurotic-type depressive symptoms (and their severity). It is argued that these associations probably reflect direct causal links, and a socio-psychological theory to explain them is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.130.1.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]],"date-time":"2008-08-12T22:35:43Z","timestamp":1218580543000},"page":"1-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":246,"title":["Depression and Loss"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"George W.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tirril","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Copeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref44","volume-title":"On Depression, Development and Death.","author":"Seligman","year":"1975"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.110.465.198"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref49","volume-title":"Manic Depressive Illness.","author":"Winokur","year":"1969"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.113.500.761"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref19","volume-title":"Stressful Life-events: Their Nature and Effects","author":"Brown","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000306516301100303"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1964.01720230048005"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref16","volume-title":"Attachment and Loss, Volume 2: Separation, Anxiety and Loss.","author":"Bowlby","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00577908"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref27","volume-title":"The Social Grading of Occupations\u2014a New Approach and Scale.","author":"Goldthorpe","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.116.532.299"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.111.472.243"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.111.477.659"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.112.486.443"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003803857500900203"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref22","first-page":"3","article-title":"Separation anxiety in young children: A study of hospital cases","volume":"28","author":"Edelston","year":"1943","journal-title":"Genetic Psychology Monograph"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Separation anxiety","volume":"41","author":"Bowlby","year":"1960","journal-title":"International Journal of Psycho-Analysis"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref1","volume-title":"Selected Papers on Psycho-Analysis.","author":"Abraham","year":"1911"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref10","article-title":"Recent parent death and mental illness","volume":"116","author":"Birtchnell","year":"1970b","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref23","article-title":"A psychological setting of somatic disease: The giving-up, given up complex","volume":"60","author":"Engel","year":"1967","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref40","volume-title":"Life Stress and Illness","author":"Paykel","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref47","volume-title":"Mental Health and Environment.","author":"Taylor","year":"1964"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref42","first-page":"1","article-title":"A study of bipolar (manic-depressive) and unipolar recurrent depressive psychoses","volume":"42","author":"Perris","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S0007125000011314_ref18","article-title":"Life events and psychiatric disorder: 2. 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