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Questionnaires and self-report symptom scales were used to validate the clinical ratings. Alcohol problem screening tests and consumption levels confirmed the severity of alcohol dependence. In a group of 44 phobic alcoholics who reported physical dependence, the onset of phobic symptoms preceded the onset of alcohol-telated problems and physical dependence significantly more frequently than the converse.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The prevalence of agoraphobia and social phobia in alcoholics is discussed in relation to prevalence data in affective and normal populations, together with their implications for the aetiology of phobias and alcohol dependence, and for screening and assessment of phobic alcoholics, preventative counselling, treatment approaches and prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.135.6.565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]],"date-time":"2008-08-12T22:35:43Z","timestamp":1218580543000},"page":"565-573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Alcohol Dependence and Phobias: Clinical Description and Relevance"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"J. 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