{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T06:44:56Z","timestamp":1759041896220},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":12873,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper defines and tests a typology of addicts defined through assessment of the sequence of three types of key events: (a) traumatic childhood events such as death of a parent or child abuse; (b) onset of regular delinquent activity; and (c) initiation of illicit drug use. By evaluating the sequence of these events three groups are defined: (a) an initial childhood trauma group; (b) an early delinquency group; and (c) an initial drug use group. Data derived from a sample of treated opiate addicts are used to define and differentiate these three groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.141.5.437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]],"date-time":"2008-08-12T19:20:52Z","timestamp":1218568852000},"page":"437-446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Pathways to Opiate Addiction: An Evaluation of Differing Antecedents"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Bruce J.","family":"Rounsaville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myrna M.","family":"Weissman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Wilber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert D.","family":"Kleber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref39","article-title":"The truthfulness of addict respondents in research projects","volume":"7","author":"Stevens","year":"1972","journal-title":"International Journal of Addiction"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref48","article-title":"A critical review of some psychoanalytic literature on drug addiction","volume":"43","author":"York","year":"1970","journal-title":"British Journal of Medical Psychology"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref32","unstructured":"Rounsaville B. J. , Weissman M. M. & Kleber H. D. (in press, b) The significance of alcoholism in treated opiate addicts. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, (in press)."},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref7","volume-title":"The Social Careers of Heroin Addicts.","author":"Biernacki","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref9","article-title":"The treatment of drug addicts: Some comparative observations","volume":"65","author":"Davis","year":"1970","journal-title":"British Journal of Addiction"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref47","volume-title":"The Hidden Dimension. Psycho-dynamics in Compulsive Drug Use.","author":"Wurmser","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref19","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Longitudinal Research on Drug Use: Empirical Findings and Methodological Issues","author":"Kandel","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.131.2.160"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826087609058803"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770120107011"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref14","article-title":"A diagnostic interview: The schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia","volume":"37","author":"Endicott","year":"1978","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref35","volume-title":"SAS User's Guide.","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.127.12.1653"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826087909073942"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1967.00300010021004"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770350030002"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00797308.1975.11823320"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref6","volume-title":"Addiction: An Artificially Induced Drug.","author":"Bejerot","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref18","first-page":"42","article-title":"Methadone patients on probation and parole","volume":"34","author":"Joseph","year":"1970","journal-title":"FED Probation"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref17","volume-title":"Longitudinal Research on Drug Abuse: Empirical Findings and Methodological Issues","author":"Johnston","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref8","volume-title":"The Manipulator: A Psychodynamic View.","author":"Bursten","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref16","volume-title":"Drug Use: Epidemiological and Sociological Approaches","author":"Hawks","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref26","volume-title":"Client Oriented Data Acquisition Process (CODAP): Statistical Series Quarterly Reports, April\u2013June, 1976","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198001000-00006"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref15","volume-title":"The Manual for the Maudsley Personality Inventory.","author":"Eysenck","year":"1959"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221325.1977.10533299"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952997909007035"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref29","volume-title":"Deviant Children Grown Up.","author":"Robins","year":"1966"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref36","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Theories on Drug Abuse: Selected Contemporary Perspectives","author":"Schuckit","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290020027006"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref5","article-title":"Screening depressed patients in family practices: A rapid technique","volume":"52","author":"Beck","year":"1972","journal-title":"Post Graduate Medicine"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770300115013"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90012-6"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref34","unstructured":"Rounsaville B. J. , Eyre S. , Weissman M. M. & Kleber H. D. (submitted for publication) The antisocial opiate addict."},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref41","article-title":"Sociopathy as a human process","volume":"32","author":"Valliant","year":"1975","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref23","unstructured":"Martin W. R. (1980) Emerging concepts concerning drug abuse. In Theories on Drug Abuse: Selected Contemporary Perspectives, (eds. Lettieri D. J. , Sayers M. and Pearson H. W. ), pp 278\u201385. Rockville, MD: NIDA Research Monograph Series # 30."},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref1","volume-title":"DSM III: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Ed 3.","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref44","volume-title":"The Depressed Woman: A Study of Social Relationships.","author":"Weissman","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.128.7.856"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref42","volume-title":"Human Functioning in a Longitudinal Perspective: Studies of Normal and Psychopathic Populations","author":"Wadsworth","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref46","volume-title":"Handbook on Drug Abuse","author":"Woody","year":"1979"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(78)90039-1"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref11","article-title":"Development of a heroin addiction treatment program: Effect on urban crime","volume":"216","author":"Dupont","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref33","article-title":"An evaluation of depression in opiate addicts","volume":"Vol 3","author":"Rounsaville","journal-title":"Research in Community and Mental Health"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref4","article-title":"The reliability and validity of interview data obtained from 59 narcotic drug addicts","volume":"72","author":"Ball","year":"1967","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref31","unstructured":"Rounsaville B. J. , Cacciola J. , Weissman M. M. & Kleber H. D. (in press, a) Diagnostic concordance in a follow-up study of opiate addicts. Journal of Psychiatric Research, (in press)."},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref21","volume-title":"Drug Use: Epidemiological and Sociological Approaches","author":"Lukoff","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0007125000113066_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1973.01750350005001"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000113066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T16:27:15Z","timestamp":1558715235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000113066\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1982,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000113066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.141.5.437","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1982,11]]}}}