{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T08:13:56Z","timestamp":1772784836594,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10685,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Schizophrenic patients were recruited into a trial of a prophylactic behavioural intervention with families. Families with at least one high Expressed Emotion (EE) relative were randomly allocated to one of four intervention groups: Behavioural Intervention Enactive; Behavioural Intervention Symbolic; Education Only; Routine Treatment. Patients from low-EE families were randomly allocated to two groups: Education Only or Routine Treatment. Relapse rates over nine months after discharge were significantly lower for patients in the two Behavioural Intervention, compared with Education Only and Routine Treatment groups. There was little difference between the two low-EE groups. Patients returning to high-EE relatives showed significantly higher relapse rates than those returning to low-EE relatives, in groups not receiving active intervention. Changes from high to low EE occurred in the Behavioural Intervention groups, and similar although less extensive changes occurred in the Education Only and Routine Treatment groups. Changes in criticism and marked emotional over-involvement (EOI) occurred generally in high-EE groups but were larger in magnitude in the Enactive and Symbolic groups. Reduction of hostility only occurred in the Behavioural Intervention groups. These results give partial support for the causal role of EE in relapse. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to contact with the psychiatric services or medication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.153.4.532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,12]],"date-time":"2008-08-12T19:43:23Z","timestamp":1218570203000},"page":"532-542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":345,"title":["The Community Management of Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Tarrier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Barrowclough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Vaughn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Bamrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Porceddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Watts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198206173062401"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref17","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Expressed emotion: from predictive index to clinical construct","volume":"43","author":"Koenigsberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02674648766780041"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00174.x"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790320059008"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700015233"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.146.6.594"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790230055009"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.121.3.241"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700046377"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref8","volume-title":"Towards a Theory of Instruction.","author":"Bruner","year":"1966"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref7","first-page":"55","article-title":"Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Brown","year":"1962","journal-title":"British Journal of Preventative and Social Medicine"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref36","volume-title":"The Description and Classification of Psychiatric Symptomatology: An Instruction Manual for the PSE and CATEGO System.","author":"Wing","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800070019003"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarrier N. , Barrowclough C. , Porceddu K. & Watts S. (1988) The assessment of psychophysiological reactivity to the expressed emotion of the relatives of schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry (in press).","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.5.618"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0141347300012337"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.86.2.103"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.129.2.125"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.145.2.197"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.148.2.133"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/10.2.300"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.151.1.1"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.141.2.121"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards a constructional approach to social problems. Ethical and constitutional issues raised by applied behaviour analysis","volume":"2","author":"Goldiamond","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behaviourism"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref18","first-page":"83","article-title":"Group therapy with families of schizophrenic patients: results of the Hamburg Camberwell Family Interview Study III","volume":"5","author":"Kottgen","year":"1984","journal-title":"International Journal of Family Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref9","first-page":"1237","article-title":"Overview: maintenance therapy in psychiatry: I. Schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Davis","year":"1975","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref20","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Leff","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref29","first-page":"982","article-title":"Bioavailability and clinical effects of two different concentrations of haloperidol decanoate","volume":"31","author":"Suy","year":"1982","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref21","volume-title":"Expressed Emotion in Families.","author":"Leff","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref30","volume-title":"Reconstructing Schizophrenia","author":"Tarrier","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.6.783"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref10","volume-title":"Treatment of Schizophrenia: Family Assessment and Intervention","author":"Dultz","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref13","volume-title":"The Detection of Psychiatric Illness by Questionnaire","author":"Goldberg","year":"1972"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref5","volume-title":"PhD Thesis","author":"Birchwood","year":"1983"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/12.4.678"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref27","volume-title":"Non-parametric Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences.","author":"Siegel","year":"1956"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.142.9.1078","article-title":"Family expressed emotion and relapse in schizophrenia in 24 urban American patients","volume":"142","author":"Moline","year":"1985","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000282160_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1976.tb00021.x"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000282160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T15:10:51Z","timestamp":1558365051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000282160\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":["A Controlled Trial of a Behavioural Intervention with Families to Reduce Relapse"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000282160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.153.4.532","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,10]]}}}