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During the 1980s the rapid spread of smokeable cocaine (including \u2018crack\u2019) was seen in the Americas (particularly the US). The initial simple predictions of an identical European epidemic were mistaken. The available data on the extent of cocaine use and of cocaine problems in the UK are examined. New forms of cocaine have been developed by black-market entrepreneurs (\u2018freebase\u2019 and \u2018crack\u2019), and new technologies have emerged for their use; with these new technologies have come new effects and new problems. 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