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Using the PSE, 39% of the group were diagnosed psychiatric cases at six weeks after the injury. For cases the mean level of chronic social difficulties (3.3) was four times that for non-cases (0.8). Six months after injury, 28% of the head injury group had three or more symptoms. These chronic cases were on average ten years older than those whose symptoms had remitted. Chronic cases had, on average, three social difficulties, twice as many as found among those whose symptoms had remitted. The emergence and persistence of the postconcussional syndrome are associated with social adversity before the accident. While young men are most at risk of minor head injury, older women are most at risk of chronic sequelae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.162.4.493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T01:21:28Z","timestamp":1224033688000},"page":"493-497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["The Postconcussional Syndrome: Social Antecedents and Psychological Sequelae"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Fenton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"McClelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geraldine","family":"MacFlynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Rutherford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92342-0"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref30","volume-title":"The PSE\u2013ID-CATEGO System: A Supplementary Manual (Mimeo)","author":"Wing","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048677709159549"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(79)90015-9"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref5","volume-title":"Social Origins of Depression","author":"Brown","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.153.4.460"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref3","volume-title":"Closed Head Injury, Psychological, Social and Family Consequences","author":"Brooks","year":"1984"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.12.1326"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref27","article-title":"The post\u2013concussional state revisited","author":"Watson","year":"1993","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.66.2.0234"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.124.8.1028"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)90288-3"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref9","volume-title":"Preliminary Report on Special Tests","author":"Greenwood","year":"1919"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)92470-6"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref12","volume-title":"Neuroses and the Social Environment","author":"Henderson","year":"1981"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700020481"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198909)45:5<793::AID-JCLP2270450516>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref8","volume-title":"Head Injury","author":"Cartlidge","year":"1981"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03340440021020"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91939-4"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref2","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Accident neurosis","volume":"i","year":"1961","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91097-8"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5230.919"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref29","volume-title":"The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms","author":"Wing","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0007125000037156_ref15","unstructured":"Lidvall H. 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