{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T17:52:18Z","timestamp":1760982738311},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8736,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Analyses were undertaken to examine whether a wide range of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, affective, substance abuse and psychotic disorders, represent variant manifestations of Tourette's syndrome (TS). Previous studies have suggested that chronic tics (CT) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are variant expressions of TS since both CT and OCD are elevated among relatives of TS probands. In the current study, no other psychiatric disorder was significantly elevated among the relatives who did not have TS, CT or OCD when compared with a control sample. These findings are not consistent with the hypothesis that a wide range of psychiatric and behavioural disorders are variant expressions of TS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.2.215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T01:26:25Z","timestamp":1224033985000},"page":"215-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Evidence Against a Genetic Relationship between Tourette's Syndrome and Anxiety, Depression, Panic and Phobic Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"David L.","family":"Pauls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Leckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald J.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.158.2.165"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref33","volume-title":"Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome","author":"Shapiro","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref32","volume-title":"Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome.","author":"Shapiro","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.3.383"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref28","first-page":"13","volume-title":"The Psychobiology of Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Disorder","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref27","volume-title":"The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Schoolage Children - Epidemiologic Version (Kiddie-SADS-E)","author":"Puig-Antich","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199309000-00025"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref25","first-page":"154","article-title":"A family study of Tourette's syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Pauls","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800120063012"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref20","volume-title":"Schedule for Tourette's Syndrome and Other Behavioral Syndromes.","author":"Pauls","year":"1981"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.8.1019","article-title":"A family study of generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"144","author":"Noyes","year":"1987","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290080001001"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810150052009"},{"key":"S0007125000050790_ref13","first-page":"288","article-title":"A controlled family history study of Tourette syndrome: III. 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