{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:05:09Z","timestamp":1790402709825,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8524,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recently, several investigators have reported an association between influenza epidemics and increased birth rates of \u2018preschizophrenic\u2019 individuals some four to six months later. Here we examine whether maternal exposure to other infectious diseases can also predispose the foetus to later schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two independent sets of dates of birth of first admission schizophrenic patients, born between 1938 and 1965 in England and Wales, were obtained from the Mental Health Enquiry in England and Wales. Data on the number of deaths per month from 16 infectious diseases between 1937 and 1965 in England and Wales were also collected. We used a Poisson regression model to examine the relationship between deaths from infectious diseases and schizophrenic births.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the two separate data sets, increased national deaths from bronchopneumonia preceded, by three and five months respectively, increased numbers of schizophrenic births. We did not find any other significant associations between schizophrenic births and any of the other 15 infectious diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between deaths from bronchopneumonia and increased schizophrenic births some months later may be a reflection of the fact that bronchopneumonia deaths increase markedly during influenza epidemics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.3.353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T01:26:25Z","timestamp":1224033985000},"page":"353-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["The Relationship of Schizophrenic Births to 16 Infectious Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"O'Callaghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. 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C. , O'Callaohan E. , et al (1994) Prenatal exposure to influenza and the development of schizophrenia: is the effect confined to females? American Journal of Psychiatry (in press)."},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810210077012"},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810210084014"},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(92)90106-F"},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref8","first-page":"31","article-title":"Hidden influenza deaths: 1989\u201390","volume":"61","author":"Curwen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Population Trends"},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/15.1.91"},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref12","first-page":"345","volume-title":"Handbook of Schizophrenia","volume":"vol. 3","author":"Hare","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.161.2.274"},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(92)90029-N"},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.158.1.8"},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.160.4.461"},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(88)90043-6"},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref23","volume-title":"The glim System Release 3.77 Manual","author":"Payne","year":"1985"},{"key":"S0007125000072664_ref2","unstructured":"Barr C. E. , Mednick S. A. & Munk-Jorgensen P. (1994) Prenatal infection and schizophrenia in the offspring: a survey of 25 diseases. 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