{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:06:53Z","timestamp":1791263213259,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8371,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims were to determine the prevalence of the Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) in low-vision patients and analyse possible associated ophthalmic and sociodemographic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A semi-structured interview on visual hallucinations was given to 300 adult low-vision patients and 200 elderly general ophthalmic patients. Positive cases were examined with the Geriatric Mental State Schedule and the Mini Mental State Examination. Diagnostic criteria were as follows: complex, persistent, or repetitive visual hallucinations; full or partial retention of insight; no hallucinations in other modalities; and no delusions. Ophthalmic and sociodemographic data were gathered for all patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of CBS in low-vision patients was 11%. CBS was significantly associated with an age over 64 years and a visual acuity in the best eye of 0.3 or less. No significant associations with ophthalmic diagnoses, patient sex, marital status, or social circumstances were found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings support association of CBS with sensory deprivation and advanced age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.166.2.254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T01:31:20Z","timestamp":1224034280000},"page":"254-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["The Charles Bonnet Syndrome: A Large Prospective Study in the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Teunisse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan R. M.","family":"Cruysberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Verbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans G.","family":"Zitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000183436_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p200809"},{"key":"S0007125000183436_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1000744"},{"key":"S0007125000183436_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02175452"},{"key":"S0007125000183436_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.12.1701","article-title":"Visual hallucinations in patients with macular degeneration","volume":"149","author":"Holroyd","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000183436_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"S0007125000183436_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700046584"},{"key":"S0007125000183436_ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0007125000183436_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.144.6.662"},{"key":"S0007125000183436_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(94)90172-4"},{"key":"S0007125000183436_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700015889"},{"key":"S0007125000183436_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(89)90122-3"},{"key":"S0007125000183436_ref5","first-page":"677","article-title":"Le syndrome de Charles Bonnet: hallucinations visuelles des vieillards sans d\u00e9ficience mentale","volume":"125","author":"De Morsier","year":"1967","journal-title":"Annales Medico-Psychologiques"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000183436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T15:44:23Z","timestamp":1557848663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000183436\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":["A Study of the Prevalence of the Charles Bonnet Syndrome and Associated Factors in 500 Patients Attending the University Department of Ophthalmology at Nijmegen"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,2]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000183436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.166.2.254","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,2]]}}}