{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T17:53:37Z","timestamp":1760982817077},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8251,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Apart from ageing, the factors associated with vulnerability to the emergence of tardive dyskinesia are poorly defined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk factors associated with the presence of a chronic choreic or dystonic disorder were assessed in a cross-sectional comparison of anamnestic and clinical data in a homogeneous group of 64 young psychotic patients (under 40 years of age) on chronic low to moderate doses of neuroleptics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dyskinetic subjects presented more indirect indicators of occult brain damage, such as a perinatal event or traumatic brain injuries in infancy and early childhood; neurological examination showed more anomalies in dyskinetic patients than in non-dyskinetics, with a higher prevalence of facial release reflexes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data may support the hypothesis that occult acquired brain damage is important in the genesis of this \u2018drug-induced\u2019 disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.166.6.768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T01:31:20Z","timestamp":1224034280000},"page":"768-772","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neuroleptic Associated Tardive Dyskinesias in Young People with Psychoses"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Pourcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Baruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roch Hugo","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Jos\u00e9e","family":"Filteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000075140_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.160.6.799"},{"key":"S0007125000075140_ref2","first-page":"259","article-title":"A five-year followup study of tardive dyskinesia","volume":"22","author":"Chouinard","year":"1986","journal-title":"Psychopharmacological Bulletin"},{"key":"S0007125000075140_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(88)90067-4"},{"key":"S0007125000075140_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.158.6.770"},{"key":"S0007125000075140_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.3.312","article-title":"Fluphenazine enanthate and decanoate in the treatment of schizophrenic outpatients: extrapyramidal symptoms and therapeutic effects","volume":"139","author":"Chouinard","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000075140_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800220077011"},{"key":"S0007125000075140_ref6","first-page":"39","article-title":"Incidence of tardive dyskinesia. 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