{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T09:17:06Z","timestamp":1759483026918},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8221,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many patients complain less of their auditory hallucinations <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic> than of lack of control of the experiences. There is reason to believe that a non-distraction (exposure) approach could help patients gain more control over persistent auditory hallucinations and teach them that their experience is a form of thinking and has no external source. This study is a pilot test of that idea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five DSM\u2013III\u2013R schizophrenic outpatients with medication-resistant auditory hallucinations improved with a mean of 31 hour-long sessions over 3 months of therapist-guided exposure to their hallucinations and situations likely to evoke them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improvement was greatest in patients' anxiety and sense of control over their hallucinations, less in social use of leisure and hallucinating time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These mildly encouraging pilot results warrant a controlled study of exposure for drug-resistant chronic auditory hallucinations and other psychotic experiences which are associated with anxious avoidance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.167.1.45","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T05:31:20Z","timestamp":1224048680000},"page":"45-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A Pilot Study of Exposure Control of Chronic Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Rajendra","family":"Persaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref9","volume-title":"Progressive Relaxation.","author":"Jacobsen","year":"1929"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198605000-00002"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.139.2.122"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.1.82"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465800011668"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.162.4.524"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.9.1088","article-title":"Hallucinations: Theoretical and clinical overview","volume":"143","author":"Assad","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198503000-00003"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref5","first-page":"25","article-title":"Clinical audit of behaviour therapy training of nurses","volume":"25","author":"Duogan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Health Trends"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91707-S"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700007558"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/15.2.209"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref14","volume-title":"Living with Fear.","author":"Marks","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref3","first-page":"222","article-title":"Auditory hallucinations and subvocal speech in schizophrenic patients","volume":"144","author":"Bick","year":"1967","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.157.6.913"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0141347300016700"},{"key":"S0007125000063765_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6676.769"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000063765","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T21:40:17Z","timestamp":1557783617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000063765\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000063765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.167.1.45","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,7]]}}}