{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T10:24:34Z","timestamp":1762079074027},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8190,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional brain imaging with technetium-99m d,l-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPET) allows us to explore the cerebral pathophysiology of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome (GTS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty patients and 20 controls were examined. Patients were rated for tic severity and mood. Scans were analysed quantitatively using internal ratios to the occipital cortex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients differed from controls on measures of relative blood flow to the left caudate, anterior cingulate cortex and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Severity of tics was related to hypoperfusion of the left caudate and cingulate and a left medial temporal region. Hypoperfusion in the left dorsolateral prefrontal region was related to mood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The areas found to be hypoperfused in this study are consistent with known functions of fronto-striatal circuits. A wide range of perfusion patterns is seen, however, and no characteristic patterns for behavioural subgroups has been documented with this technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.167.2.249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T01:31:20Z","timestamp":1224034280000},"page":"249-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Brain Perfusion Abnormalities in Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Moriarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Durval Campos","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Trimble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Ell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary M.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.5.950"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.154.2.147"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.5.941"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref14","first-page":"94","article-title":"Basal ganglia research and Tourette's syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Leckman","year":"1991","journal-title":"TINS"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238284"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.161.4.532"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref8","first-page":"415","article-title":"Asymmetry of basal ganglia perfusion in Tourette's syndrome shown by Single Photon Emission Tomography","volume":"8","author":"Dimitsopulos","year":"1993","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540080076020"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00175135"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4927(92)90022-V"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520310031013"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90461-4"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91615-N"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.1.93","article-title":"Obsessions in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder with and without Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome","volume":"150","author":"George","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003806X"},{"key":"S0007125000064424_ref21","first-page":"213","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of Tourette syndrome. 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