{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:07:57Z","timestamp":1790248077929,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8129,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the natural history and evolution of behaviour symptoms and patterns in severely and profoundly mentally retarded adults. This paper reports a cohort study of 100 such adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormal behaviour symptoms and patterns have been followed, using a carer rating scale and the Modified Manifest Abnormality Scale of Goldberg's Clinical Interview Schedule (1970) by the same two consultant psychiatrists in 1975, 1981 and 1992.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Emotional withdrawal, stereotypies and eye avoidance are particularly persistent. Carer ratings of noisiness and social withdrawal, and psychiatrist ratings of suspiciousness, overactivity and hostile irritability, are also persistent but to a lesser degree. Overall ratings of psychiatric disorder are persistent and act against successful community placement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormal behaviour patterns in severely and profoundly mentally retarded adults show only a modest degree of abatement over time. Care staff need a good understanding of clinical psychiatric and behaviour management techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.167.4.452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T01:31:20Z","timestamp":1224034280000},"page":"452-455","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Behaviour Symptoms among Severely and Profoundly Mentally Retarded Patients"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian R.","family":"Ballinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.6.660"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.127.6.540"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5679.326"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref16","volume-title":"Advances in Learning \u2013 Behavioural Disabilities","volume":"5","author":"Schroeder","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref3","first-page":"143","article-title":"Mortality in the mentally handicapped: a 50 year survey at the Stoke Park group of hospitals (1930\u20131980)","volume":"27","author":"Carter","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Deficiency Research"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.510.563"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref12","volume-title":"Services for People with Learning Disabilities and Challenging Behaviour or Mental Health Needs.","author":"Mansell","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref8","volume-title":"Moving Out: The Impact of Relocation from Hospital to Community on the Quality of Life of People with Learning Disabilities.","author":"Emerson","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1994.tb00343.x"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170001607X"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref9","first-page":"276","article-title":"Mortality of the mentally deficient: a study of 12,903 institutionalized subjects","volume":"14","author":"Forssman","year":"1970","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Deficiency Research"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.6.826"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1994.tb00392.x"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref10","first-page":"18","article-title":"A standardized psychiatric interview for use in community surveys","volume":"24","author":"Goldberg","year":"1970","journal-title":"British Journal of Social and Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.145.3.289"},{"key":"S0007125000065570_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700004505"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000065570","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T16:51:14Z","timestamp":1557766274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000065570\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":["A 16\u201318 Year Follow-Up Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000065570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.167.4.452","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,10]]}}}