{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T05:43:28Z","timestamp":1770961408476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7702,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The determinants of self-esteem have been little studied in non-clinic samples. It has been suggested recently that child sexual abuse (CSA) may be a major determinant of low self-esteem in adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The psychosocial circumstances associated with low self-esteem in two random samples of women, one reporting CSA, the other not were compared, with particular emphasis on characteristics of family of origin. A two-phase (postal-then-interview) random community study assessed self-esteem and related variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychosocial variables predicting low self-esteem were the same in the two groups. They included being a follower or a loner, having an overcontrolling mother, being poorly qualified, giving a history of depressive disorder and displaying current psychiatric disorder. In addition, the subject's CSA status led to low self-esteem but only when it was of the most intrusive type. The CSA women had a substantially lower mean total self-esteem score. However, not all aspects of self-esteem were diminished equally; 12\/30 items differed between the two groups, and two of the five generated self-esteem factors, which we named Pessimism and Fatalism, which differed between the control group and the whole CSA group. There were no differences for Likeability and Determination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Predictors of low self-esteem for women include childhood temperament, a poor relationship with the mother, low qualification attainment, psychiatric morbidity, both previous and current, and, only when it is the most intrusive, CSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.169.6.696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T01:35:17Z","timestamp":1224034517000},"page":"696-704","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Women's Self-Esteem: A Community Study of Women who Report and do not Report Childhood Sexual Abuse"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Romans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700028051"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref1","first-page":"1067","volume-title":"Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry\/VI","author":"Akiskal","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1979.tb02487.x"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.1.35"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(93)90059-E"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679609064993"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.163.6.739"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700004487"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700011831"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700002051"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(91)90012-H"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref27","first-page":"355","article-title":"Self-esteem and unemployment among young workers","volume":"46","author":"Warr","year":"1983","journal-title":"Le Travail Humam"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref8","volume-title":"The Antecedents of Self Esteem.","author":"Coofersmith","year":"1967"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(92)90011-F"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700009302"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00788643"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199309000-00002"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.163.6.733"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(62)90004-3"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.151.5.643"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199309000-00004"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.166.6.813"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00788644"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.153.1.6"},{"key":"S0007125000029172_ref9","volume-title":"In a Different Voice. 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