{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T16:13:18Z","timestamp":1769011998978,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514937600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7491,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the associations for common mental disorders (CMD) among primary care attenders in Harare.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was an unmatched case-control study of attenders at primary health clinics, general practitioner surgeries and traditional medical practitioner clinics; 199 cases with CMD as identified by an indigenously developed case-finding questionnaire, and 197 controls (non-cases), were interviewed using measures of sociodemographic data, disability, care-giver diagnoses and treatment, explanatory models, life events and alcohol use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CMD was associated with female gender (.=0.04) and older age (.=0.02). After adjustment for age, gender and site of recruitment, CMD was significantly associated with chronicity of illness; number of presenting complaints; beliefs in \u201cthinking too much\u201d and witchcraft as a causal model; economic impoverishment; infertility; recent unemployment; an unhappy childhood for females; disability; and consultations with traditional medical practitioners and religious priests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mental disorders are associated with female gender, disability, economic deprivation, and indigenous labels of distress states.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.1.60","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T05:36:56Z","timestamp":1224049016000},"page":"60-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Common mental disorders in primary care in Harare, Zimbabwe: Associations and risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Vikram","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Winston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fungisai","family":"Gwanzura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Essie","family":"Simunyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson","family":"Acuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000147208_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207599008247926"},{"key":"S0007125000147208_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700033407"},{"key":"S0007125000147208_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00512-9"},{"key":"S0007125000147208_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09551.x"},{"key":"S0007125000147208_ref14","first-page":"209","article-title":"Kufungisisa (thinking too much): a Shona idiom for non-psychotic mental illness","volume":"41","author":"Patel","year":"1995c","journal-title":"Central African Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"S0007125000147208_ref2","volume-title":"Traditional Healers and the Shona Patient","author":"Chavunduka","year":"1978"},{"key":"S0007125000147208_ref3","volume-title":"Common Mental Disorders: A biosocial Model","author":"Goldberg","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0007125000147208_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/136346159603300203"},{"key":"S0007125000147208_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patel V. , Simunyu E. & Gwanzura F. , et al (1997) The Shona Symptom Questionnaire: the development of an indigenous measure of non-psychotic mental disorder in Harare. 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