{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:03:58Z","timestamp":1772802238013,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514937600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7460,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It has been suggested that the increased rate of psychotic illness among African\u2013Caribbeans living in Britain is due to an excess of pregnancy and birth complications (PBCs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We therefore compared the frequency of PBCs in a group of White psychotic patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=103) and a comparable group of patients of African\u2013Caribbean origin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=61); the latter consisted of 30 first-generation (born in the Caribbean) and 31 second-generation (born in Britain) individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>White psychotic patients were more than twice as likely to have a history of PBCs as their African\u2013Caribbean counterparts (odds ratio=2.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88\u20136.47, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.062). The same trend was observed among patients with a DSM\u2013III diagnosis of schizophrenia (odds ratio=l.65, 95% CI 0.56\u20134.97, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.32). The rate of PBCs was similar among the first- and second-generation Caribbean psychotic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increased rate of psychotic illness that has been reported among the African\u2013Caribbean population in Britain is not due to an increased prevalence of PBCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.2.145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T05:36:56Z","timestamp":1224049016000},"page":"145-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Increased rate of psychosis among African\u2013Caribbeans in Britain is not due to an excess of pregnancy and birth complications"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Takei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Bhugra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. 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