{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:40:35Z","timestamp":1791999635582,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7247,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Marry nightmare sufferers do not consult a health care professional. Though behaviour and cognitive therapy can help, they have not been tested as a self-treatment method at home using a manual.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and seventy adults with primary nightmares were randomised to four weeks' self-exposure or self-relaxation at home using manuals posted to them, or to a waiting-list as a control group for four weeks. Individuals recorded nightmare frequency and intensity in four-week diaries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At one- and six-month follow-up, the self-rated nightmare frequency felt more significantly in exposure subjects than relaxation or waiting-list subjects. The self-exposure group had the most drop-outs but remained superior in an over-cautious intent-to-treat analysis. The individuals' partners confirmed the superiority of self-exposure to self-relaxation at one- and six-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recurrent nightmare sufferers improved more with self-exposure manuals than with self-relaxation manuals or by being on a waiting-list. Self-exposure may be needed for longer than four weeks in order to reduce nightmare intensity as well as frequency. Despite a high drop-out rate, some sufferers of other conditions may benefit from self-treatment manuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.3.257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T01:40:02Z","timestamp":1224034802000},"page":"257-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Postal self-exposure treatment of recurrent nightmares"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"Burgess","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac M.","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.5.659","article-title":"Changes in chronic nightmares after one session of desensitiztion or rehearsal instructions","volume":"149","author":"Kellner","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.51.6.870"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.6.647a"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(79)90041-X"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref16","first-page":"470","volume":"15","author":"Neidhart","year":"1992","journal-title":"The beneficial effects of one treatment session and recording of nightmares on chronic nightmare sufferers Sleep"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.3.388"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1981.tb135583.x","article-title":"Fallibility of postal questionnaire follow-up for detection of hypothyroidism after iodine-131 therapy","volume":"1","author":"Hoffman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref9","volume-title":"Progressive Relaxation.","author":"Jacobsen","year":"1929"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref13","volume-title":"Behavioural Psychotherapy Maudsley Pocket Book of Clinical Management","author":"Mark","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(87)90051-9"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.461"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref6","first-page":"498","article-title":"Self-help materials for anxiety: a randomised controlled trial in general practice","volume":"40","author":"Donnan","year":"1990","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(95)00009-M"},{"key":"S0007125000260406_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(78)90054-X"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000260406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T01:04:06Z","timestamp":1588986246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000260406\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":["Randomised controlled trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000260406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.172.3.257","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,3]]}}}